Italian People & Language

DAERAH DI ITALIA:

Teramo ( info dari Andit)

Cervinia ( sendiri, 🗻 gunungnya cantik seperti batu raksasa)

ITALIAN SNACKS 

Naik naik terus harganya.. Dulu uda mahal sekarang makin mahal. Tapi lezat Matilde Vicenzi Italian Cookies Bakery Snack 

Based on my experiences 

😺 They are flirty 😜 and kind mostly to all women 

😺 Close to mommy/ live / stay / communicate everyday with their moms

😺 Expressive and emotional ( sensitive)

Sotto = under ( not soto soup 🍲 in Indonesian language 😜)

Non e : correct 💯 

Abjad A

Appuntamenti ( " aputamenti " ) : appointment 

A presto : see you soon 🔜 🔜 

Altro : another ( Altro biscotto = another cookie )

Adolescente ( " adolesente" ) : teenager 

Abbigliamento : clothing 

Abbiamo : has 

Aperto / aperta / aperti : open 👐 😺

apprezzata = “dihargai” atau “disukai” (bentuk feminin tunggal dari apprezzato).

📌 Contoh pemakaian:

• Sei molto apprezzata dal tuo team. → Kamu sangat dihargai oleh timmu.

• La tua gentilezza è apprezzata. → Kebaikanmu dihargai.

Arrostiamo : we roast 

Asciugo ( " as syugo " ) : dry 

Asciugamani ( " asyugamani " ).: towels 

Agli ( " ayi " ) : to the

Alle : at, for 

Albergo: hotel 🏨 🛏️ 

Appena : as soon as 

Arancione : orange 🧡 🍊 

Acido : sour 

Altı : tall ( Sono altı? Are they tall )

Aiuto ( " ayuto" ) : help 

Abito: suit 

Amico Vero : real friends 

Abbastanza: enough 

Anatra : duck 🦆 

Angolo : angle, corner 

"Andato" = "gone" or "went", depending on the context.

• Past participle of the verb andare (“to go”).

• Used with essere in compound tenses: È andato via presto. → He went away early.

• Can also be an adjective: Il latte è andato a male. → The milk has gone bad.

It changes form based on gender and number:

• andato (masculine singular)

• andata (feminine singular)

• andati (masculine plural) : gone , go. Siete andati da soli? : did you go on your own ?

• andate (feminine plural)

Abbassano : lower 

Allora : then 

Allena : train 🚆 🚂 , work out 💪 🎯 

Arrostico : roast 

“Auguro” : “saya berharap / saya mengharapkan”.
Biasanya dipakai dalam kalimat doa atau harapan yang baik untuk orang lain.

Contoh:

• Auguro a te tanta felicità → “Saya berharap kamu banyak kebahagiaan.”

• Ti auguro buona fortuna → “Saya berharap kamu beruntung.”

Avuto : had 

Attore : actor 

Anche : though

Avanzata : advanced 

Abjad B

Biglietto ( " biyeto " ) : note , ticket 🎫 🎟️ , ♦️ ♠️ card

Bene : well ( molto bene : very well )

Balena: whale 🐋 🐳 

Borse : 🛍️ bags 

Brucia : ( " bruca " ) : burning 🥵 

Baciano (." Bac cano " ) : kiss 💋 😘 , bacia 

Balcone : balcony: un grande balcone 

Benzina : gasoline  ( seperti di Indonesia: bensina , bensin )

"Bellezza" : “kecantikan” atau “keindahan”. 🌸

👉 Contoh:

• Che bellezza! → “Alangkah indahnya!” / “Betapa cantiknya!”

• La bellezza della natura → “Keindahan alam.”

• Sei una bellezza → “Kamu seorang yang cantik/indah.”

Busta : envelope ✉️ 📨 

Bisogno (" bisonyo" ) ; need 

Abjad C

Coltiva : cultivates, grow 🪴 

Ci : there, us :: ci vediamo : see you ::: ci vediamo il prossimo anno : see you next year !.

Ci pensero : I will think about it 

Ciao : hello 👋 🤗 

Chi (." Ki ) : who 

Chiesto : tried, asked 

Chiesa : church 

Cinque : 5

Collina : hill

Cornetto: croissant 🥐 🥖 

Collina : hills 

Comunita : community, in Piccola communita

Cliccare ( " klikare ") : to click 

Calda / caldo : hot 🥵 🥵 🔥 

Calze : socks 🧦, stocking 🧦 

Capita: understood 

Cattiva: bad 😞 😔 person, evil, bad 😔 😞 ::: la banana 🍌 e cattiva: the banana 🍌 is bad 😔 😔.

Certe / Certo / certi : certain 

Cani : dogs 

Cantante: the singer 

Cucciolo ( " kucolo " ) : puppy 

Cugini ( " kujini." ) : cousins , I nostri cugini : our cousins 

Caramelle : candies 

Contadina : farmer 

Colazione ( " kolatzione ) : breakfast 🥞 🍳 

Conosciute ( " konosyute " ) : met 

Cominciato ( " komincyato " ) : started, began

Chitarra : guitar 🎸 

Collina : hill 

Canto : I sing , cantano : gli uccelli cantano 

Cambiata / cambiato : changed 

Chiedere : asks 

“Cattiveria” is an Italian word 🇮🇹.

It means malice, spite, meanness, cruelty, or nastiness — depending on context.

👉 Examples:

• Ha parlato con cattiveria. → He/She spoke with malice / spite.

• Non capisco tanta cattiveria. → I don’t understand such cruelty.

It comes from “cattivo” = bad, evil.

Quanto Costa : how much does it cost

Costa : coast 

Coltello : knife 🗡️ 🔪 

Cugino ( " kujino " ) : cousin 

Chiusa ( " kiusa " ) : closed 🔒 🔐 

Camminiamo ( " kaminyamo " ) : we walk

Cosa : what 

Cucini : cook 

Creduto : believe 

“cura” generally means care or treatment, depending on context. Here are the main uses:

1. Medical context – treatment or cure

   • La cura per il raffreddore → The treatment for a cold

   • Ha bisogno di cure mediche → He/She needs medical care

2. General care or attention – looking after something or someone

   • La cura dei bambini → The care of children

   • Mettere cura nel lavoro → To put care/attention into the work

3. Spiritual or personal sense – concern, attentiveness

   • Prendersi cura di sé → To take care of oneself

So “cura” can mean care, treatment, concern, or attentiveness, depending on how it’s used.

Cambiano : change 

Collina : hills

Cortile : court, courtyard 

Cresce : ( " kresye" ) : grows

Abjad D

Dieci : 10

Due ( " tue " ) : two

"Diventata" : “menjadi / beco hime " ,tapi bentuknya khusus untuk perempuan (feminin).

Contoh:

• Sono diventata felice → “Saya menjadi bahagia” (yang bicara perempuan).

• È diventata dottoressa → “Dia menjadi dokter” (perempuan).

Kalau untuk laki-laki pakai diventato.

Decimo : tenth 

Degli ( " deli " ) : some 

Dei : of the , about the , of 

"deve" comes from the verb "dovere", which means to have to, must, or should.

"Deve" is the third person singular form in the present tense, so it means:

• "he must" / "she must" / "it must"

• "he has to" / "she has to" / "it has to"

Examples:

• Lui deve studiare. → He must study.

• Lei deve andare a casa. → She has to go home.

• Questo deve funzionare. → This must work.

Detto : Said, told. Mi ha detto : he told me 

Definitiva : final, definitive, permanent 

Diciannove ( " dicanove " ) : nineteen 

Dallo / dalle : from 

Data : date 📅 🌹, give 

Davvero : really, truly 

Divisa : uniform 🥋 

Diciotto (." Dicyoto " ) : 18 , eighteen 🔞 

Disegnano ( " disenyano " ) : design ❤️ 

Displace : sorry 😔 😐, mi dispiace : I am sorry 😔 😐 

Dodici : twelve

Donna : woman ♀️ 👠, una donna

Dolce : sweet 🧁 🎂 :: volete un dolce : do you want dessert 🍪 🎂?

Abjad E

Eta : age

Ecco : here is , here are , there is 

Efficaci ( " ificaci " ) ; good 😊 👍 

essere means “to be” — it’s one of the two main auxiliary verbs (the other is avere, “to have”).

It’s irregular, and here’s its present tense conjugation:

• io sono → I am

• tu sei → you are (singular)

• lui/lei è → he/she is

• noi siamo → we are

• voi siete → you are (plural)

• loro sono → they are

Examples:

• Io sono felice. → I am happy.

• Lei è italiana. → She is Italian.

• Noi siamo amici. → We are friends.

It’s also used in compound tenses (like sono andato → “I went”).

Essere : be, to be ,being 

Abjad F

Folla : crowd 

Forse : maybe 🤔 

Figlio ( " filio" ) : child 🚸, boy , kid 

Figli ( " fiyi" ) : children 

Finestra : window 🪟 

Finale : last ::: domanda finale : last question 

Fare : to do 

il forno : oven 

Flauto : flute 

Fantasma : ghost 👻 

Fuoco : fire 🔥 🚒 

Fuori Citta: outside the city 🌆 🌆 

Forte : strong 💪 

Forse : maybe 🤔 

Foglio : sheet

Farfalla : butterfly 🦋 

Fatto : made. Mi ha fatto aspettare ( " mi a Fato aspektare " ) : she made me wait . E fatto : it's done ✅ 👍 

Fattoria : farm, farmhouse 

Fredda : cold ❄️ 🥶 

Ferisce : ( " ferisye " ) : hurts 🤕 , l'animale so ferische : the animals hurt themselves 

Fidanzato : boyfriend, fiance 

Fino: until

Fuma : smoke 

Fallisco : fail , miss , go bankrupt 

Friggi ( " friji" ) : fry , lei frigge 

Fattoria : farm

Feriamo , ferisce : hurt 🤕 

Fermato / fermata : stopped 

Fagiolo ( " fajolo " ) : bean

Familiare : familiar:: lei mi e familiare: she is familiar to me 

Folla : crowd

Abjad G

Gioco in Italian means “game” or “play”.

It can refer to:

• A game: Questo gioco è divertente → This game is fun.

• The act of playing: from the verb giocare (to play).

• In certain contexts, even a trick or move (like in sports or chess).

Plural → giochi (games).
Verb form example: Io gioco a calcio → I play soccer.

Grida : scream, yell 

Grave 🪦 ; serious

Grazie mille : thank you so much / millions 

Giovane (' jovane ' ) : young 🌱 

Gli ( " Li " ) : the 

Guanto : gloves 🧤 

Giocattoli ( " jokatoli " ) : toys 🧸 

Giardino : garden 🏡 

Gusto : flavor, enjoy, taste

Guido: drive 

Guardata : looked

Gatti: Cats 

Giudica ( " Judika " ) : grades , judges 

Giudichiamo ( " judikiamo " ) : judge 

Giacca ; jacket 🧥 

Giornale; newspaper 📰 🗞️ :: un Giornale 

Ghiaccio ( " giacyo " ) : ice 

Guadagna ( " guadanya" ) : earns., gains 

Gelateria ( " jelateria " ): ice cream parlor 

Abjad H

Hai ragione ( " ai rajone " ) : you're right 👍 ▶️ 

Abjad I

“Impazzire” means “to go crazy” or “to lose one’s mind”.

It can be used:

1. Literally (mental state):

• Sta per impazzire. → He/She is about to go crazy.

2. Figuratively (strong emotion or reaction):

• Ho impazzito per quel film! → I went crazy over that movie! / I loved that movie so much!

• Impazzisco quando sento questa canzone. → I go crazy when I hear this song.

💡 Note: In informal Italian, it’s often used to show excitement, frustration, or intense emotion, not just mental instability.

“ingiustizia” means “injustice”.

🔹 Meaning:

• A situation or act that is unfair, unjust, or morally wrong.

• The opposite of giustizia (justice).

🔹 Examples:

• È un’ingiustizia! → “It’s an injustice!”

• L’ingiustizia sociale è un problema serio. → “Social injustice is a serious problem.”

Insomma : well

Some fun and casual ways Italians use “impazzire” in conversation:

---

1. Impazzire per… → “to go crazy for / to love something”

• Impazzisco per il gelato al cioccolato! → I go crazy for chocolate ice cream!

• Lui impazzisce per la musica rock. → He’s crazy about rock music.

---

2. Far impazzire qualcuno → “to drive someone crazy”

• Questa musica mi fa impazzire! → This music is driving me crazy!

• Mi fa impazzire quando dimentichi le chiavi. → It drives me crazy when you forget the keys.

---

3. Impazzire di gioia / rabbia / dolore → “to go crazy with joy / anger / pain”

• Ho impazzito di gioia quando ho saputo la notizia! → I went crazy with joy when I heard the news!

• Era così arrabbiato che stava per impazzire. → He was so angry he was about to lose it.

---

4. Impazzire sul serio → informal, emphasizes losing control

• Se continua così, impazzisco sul serio! → If this continues, I’ll seriously go crazy!

---

💡 Quick tip: Italians love using “impazzire” not just for actual mental craziness, but for strong feelings — excitement, love, frustration… it’s very versatile!

Invece ( " imbece " ) : instead or “on the other hand”, depending on the context.

Examples:

• Volevo il gelato, ho preso la torta invece. → I wanted ice cream, but I took cake instead.

• Io sono stanco, lui invece vuole uscire. → I’m tired, but he, on the other hand, wants to go out.

It’s often used in conversation to contrast two ideas.

.

Infermiera : hospital 🏥 nurse

Imparare / impara : to learn 

IntereSSATO : interested. ( IntereSSATO itu tanpa n ya. Bukan IntereSSAnto ). 

Insieme : together 💪 😁 

Ieri ( " yeri " ): yesterday 

Abjad L

Leggiamo : let's read

Leggere ( " lejere " ) : light 

Lavorare : to work 

Lavoro: work , UN Lavoro divertente :  a fun job

Lasciato ( " lasyato " ) / lasciare (." Lasyare " ): leave, left ⬅️ ◀️ 

Lana : wool 🦙 

Loro : they 

Lontano : far 

Li : them 

Limpido : clear 

Lo : it 

Leone : lion ♌ 🦁 

Letto : bed 🛏️ 🏨 

Lei : she 

Abjad M 

Molto : very , molta: a lot of  :: molte volte : many times 

Mare : sea ⛵ 

Meta : half 

Messi : put , put on, put in 

Meno : little , minus, least , less

It can be used in different contexts:

• Mathematics:

  • 3 meno 1 = 2 → “3 minus 1 = 2.”

• Comparisons:

  • Voglio lavorare meno → “I want to work less.”

  • È meno bello di prima → “It’s less beautiful than before.”

• Time expressions:

  • Sono le cinque meno dieci → “It’s ten to five.”

il Mercato : market 

Motore : engine 🚂 🚒 

Maglietta ( " mayekta " ) : t-shirt 👕 

Maglia : jersey

Maglione : sweater, un Piccolo maglione 

Marito: husband , marito simpatico : nice husband , il marito Americano

Migliora ( " miyora" ) : improve 

Moglie ( " Moye " ) : wife 

Mostro : monster :::; Ho visto un mostro : I saw monster 💀 :: e abbiamo Visto un mostro : and we saw a monster 

Mese : month ( un meşe fa : a month ago )

Mi Piace : I like

Mille : thousand 

miele = madu 🍯.

Contoh kalimat:

• Il miele è dolce. → Madu itu manis.

• Bevo tè con miele. → Aku minum teh dengan madu.

Kata ini sering dipakai juga sebagai panggilan sayang di Italia, mirip seperti “honey” dalam bahasa Inggris.

Macchine ( " mak kine" ) : cars 

Mezzo Giorno ( " metal Giorno " ) : noon , midday 

Mente : mind 

Meraviglioso :  menakjubkan / luar biasa indah. , wonderful” 

Mai : never 

Manzo : beef 🍖 

Mento : 🤥 lies 

Mentono : lie. Mentono Mai : never lie 🤥 

Muro : wall 🧱 

Abjad N

Nonna : grandma

Novanta : ninety

Nuoto / nuotare : swim 👙 

Nessuna : any 

Nessun : no 

Negozio ( " negotzio " ) ; store 🏬 🏪 

Nove : nine 🕤 🕘 

Nero : black 🖤 

Nono : ninth

Nipote, nipoti : granddaughter, nephew, niece 

Normale : normal 

Negozio ( negotzio ) : store 🏬 🏪 

Nonna : grandmother 

Noi : we 

Navi : ships 

Nave : ship ⚓ 🚢 

Abjad O

Ottanta: 80

Otto : 8 

Ogni ( ' Oni ) : every. Ogni Giorno : everyday

Oggetti ( " ojeti" ) : objects. Oggetti pericolosi : dangerous objects 

Occhiali ( " okiali" ) : glasses, spectacles 

Oggetto : object 

In offerta : on sale 

Operaio : worker 

Occhi ( " Oki " ) : eyes 👀 

Oltre : beyond 

Ovunque : everywhere 

Abjad P 

Penne : pens

Permesso : permitted, allowed 

Prenota : reserves, make a reservation 

Preso / Presa ( " preza " ) : got, take, taken , took , caught 

principessa artinya putri 👑 (princess).

📌 Contoh kalimat:

• La principessa vive in un castello. → Putri itu tinggal di sebuah kastil.

• Buonanotte, principessa. → Selamat malam, putri. (ungkapan manis, seperti di film La vita è bella)

Piacciono ( " piacono" ) : like. Non piacciono= doesn't like 

“Piaci” is Italian too 🇮🇹, from the verb piacere = to like / to please.

• “Piaci” = you please / I like you.
  (2nd person singular, present tense).

👉 Example in context:

• Mi piaci. → I like you. (literally: You please me.)

• Mi piaci molto. → I like you a lot.

So if someone says “piaci” to you, they’re basically saying “I like you.” 💕

Piovuto : rained 

“Piacere”  🇮🇹. Con piacere Piccola = with pleasure darling 

🔹 Arti Dasar

• Kata benda: kesenangan / kelezatan / kenikmatan.

  • È un piacere = “Sebuah kesenangan.”

• Kata kerja (infinitive): to please (menyenangkan / membuat senang).

  • Mi piace la musica = “Saya suka musik” (secara harfiah: “Musik menyenangkan saya”).

🔹 Dalam Sapaan

Paling sering dipakai ketika berkenalan:

• Piacere! → “Senang berkenalan dengan Anda.”
  (mirip dengan Nice to meet you dalam bahasa Inggris).

🔹 Contoh Kalimat

• Il gelato è un piacere d’estate.
  = Es krim adalah kenikmatan di musim panas.

• Conoscere te è stato un vero piacere.
  = Berkenalan denganmu adalah sebuah kesenangan sejati.

---

Piaciuta / piaciuto : liked 

Pillola: pill 💊 

Parlato : talk 🦜 , speak, spoken 

Partire : to leave 

Paura ( ho paura ) ( " o paura " ) : I am scared 😨 😳 

Palla : ball 🏀 🏈 

Piu : more 

Parrechia ( " parekya " ) / parrechio : quite, many , very

Posti : places 

Popolo : people 

Potuto : able, non ho potuto : i wasn't able 

Posso : I can 

Portati : taken

Pentola : pot 🍲 🍯 , casserole 🥘 

Pero : but , however 

Perso : lost

Paese : country 

Parti : you leave , depart 

Pavimento : floor 

Patate

Patata dolce : sweet potato 🥔 🍠 

Pepe : pepper 🫑 🌶️ 

Pianifica : plans

Povero : poor 

Pantofole : slippers 

Pomeriggio : afternoon 

Pomodori : tomatoes 🍅 🍅 

Potrebbe : could 

Provare: try 

Profonda/ profonda: deep 

Pesante : heavy 🪨 

Pesca : fishes. Mi Padre pesca da solo : my father fishes by himself 

Prigione ( " prijone " ) : prison 

Purtroppo : unfortunately, sadly 

Perso : missed, lost 

Prestano : lend, loan 

Presta : lends, gives 

Prossima : next , direct, immediate, upcoming 

Proprietaria : owner 

Parecchi (." Parekhi " ) : several 

Pescano (." Beskano" ) : they fish 🐠 🐟 

Pentole : pot, casserole 🥘 

Puliamo : we clean 🪥 , pulite : clean 🪥 , Io pulisco 

Puo : can 

Poca : few 

Pettine : comb 

Perde : lose , lei perde 

Pescano : they fish 🐠 🐟 

Parcheggiamo : we park 🏞️ , parcheggi ( " parkeji " : you park 🏞️ 

Paio : pair 

Pure : even, also

Abjad Q 

Questa : this

Questi : these 

Quelli : those 

Quella : that. Quella è una penna : that's a pen 🖊️ 🖋️ 

Quello : what, Questa : that 

Quasi : almost 

Quel : that

Qui ( " kui " ) : here 

Quegli ( " kweyi " ) : those

Qualche ( " kawlke " ) : some 

Quindici : fifteen 

Quarto : quarter 🌜 🌛 

Quando : when 

Quinto : fifth 

Quello : what 

Qualunque ( " kwalunkue " ) : any 

Qualsiasi ; any

Abjad R 

In ritardo : late 

Rosa : pink 

Ringrazio ( " ring gratzio ) : thank you : ringrazio molto : thank you so much // ringrazia : la familia ringrazia : the family says thank you so much 

Ride ( ride kaya baca bahasa Indonesia) : laugh 😂 

Rompe : breaks 

Ruba : steal

Rumori : noises

Riempie : fills, fills in 

Ritorna : return 

Ruota : wheel 🎡 

Riposa : rest 

Rimasto : remained, stayed

Ricevute / ricevuti / ricevuta : received 

Riconosciuto ( " rikonosyuto " ) : identified, recognized, acknowledged 

Abjad S

Stanno : fit. Quei vestiti ti stanno Bene : those dresses fit you well

Sta : fit 

Sedia, sediamo : we sit 🪑 

Sento: I hear 🙉 

Settanta : seventy

Sessanta : sixty 

sentirsi means “to feel” — and it’s a reflexive verb (notice the -si at the end).

It can be used for physical state, emotions, or self-perception.

Present tense conjugation:

• io mi sento → I feel

• tu ti senti → you feel

• lui/lei si sente → he/she feels

• noi ci sentiamo → we feel

• voi vi sentite → you (plural) feel

• loro si sentono → they feel

Examples:

• Mi sento stanco. → I feel tired.

• Come ti senti oggi? → How do you feel today?

• Si sente felice. → He/She feels happy.

• Ci sentiamo fortunati. → We feel lucky.

It can also mean "to feel oneself to be" in a more figurative way:

• Mi sento un leone. → I feel like a lion (meaning strong/brave).

Svuoti ( " spuoti " ) : empty, drain , svuoto

Stiamo : we stay 

Sento, sente , Senti : I hear 🙉 

Spaventose ( " spabentose " ) : spooky, frightening 

Sposta : moves

Stanza : room

Stivali : boots👢 🥾 

Storico : historic 

Settimo : seventh ini

Se ( " Se " ) : if 

Sei : six 🕡 🕕 

Succede ( " sukcede" ) : happens, success 

Sera : evening 🌆 

Sesto : sixth 

Sito : website 

Suonare / suono  : to play ⏯️ ▶️ 

Strumento : instrument 🎸 🎷 

Scusa/ scusi : excuse me ::: scusi, e permesso : excuse me, can I come in?

Schermo ( " skermo " ) : screen 

Scorsa : last, browse, glance 

Strega : witch 🧹 🪄 

Secolo: century 

Secondo me : in my opinion 

Stivali : boots

Spingo : push, drive, spingiamo (." Spinjamo " )

Spinge ( " spinjo " ) : push 

Siede : sit 🪑 

Scarpe : shoes 👟 

Scala : ladder 🪜 

Sorride : smiles 😁 😌 

Sopra : on top 

Soprattutto : mainly 

Sappiamo : we know 

Salve: hello 👋 🤗 

Supponiamo : we supposed 

Sposta : move 

Sposata is Italian for “married” when referring to a woman.

• Lei è sposata → She is married.

• Masculine form is sposato → He is married.

• From the verb sposare → to marry.

So if someone says “Sono sposata”, it means “I’m married” (and the speaker is female).

Sporco : cheap, dirty

Saputo : found out, Heard, learned 

Suonato : play, played, sounded 

Abjad T

“Tesoro” in Italian literally means “treasure”, but it’s commonly used like:

💘 A Term of Endearment

• “Tesoro” = Sweetheart, darling, honey

• It’s similar to calling someone “babe” or “love” in English.

👩‍❤️‍👨 Who says it to whom?

Relationship	Usage
Romantic partner	✅ Common
Very close family	✅ (esp. parents to children)
Close friends	⚠️ Sometimes, depending on tone
Strangers / Acquaintances	❌ Too personal unless in a flirtatious or humorous way

---

💬 Examples:

• “Buongiorno, tesoro!” = Good morning, sweetheart!

• “Come stai, tesoro mio?” = How are you, my darling?

If someone calls you tesoro, it's generally warm and affectionate — maybe flirty, maybe just sweet, depending on tone.

---

Both "piccola" and "dolce tesoro" are sweet Italian expressions, often used affectionately — but they carry different vibes and contexts.

---

💬 1. “Piccola”

• Literally: "Little one" or "small girl"

• Used like:

  • “Ciao piccola!” → Hi little one!

  • Often said to a younger girl, a girlfriend, a child, or someone you’re being sweet and caring with.

• Tone: Casual, tender, even a bit protective.

• Similar to English: "Sweetie", "Babe", "Cutie"

---

💬 2. “Dolce tesoro”

• Literally: "Sweet treasure"

• Used like:

  • “Buonanotte, dolce tesoro.” → Good night, sweet treasure.

  • Often romantic, but can also be used in very affectionate friendships or to a child.

• Tone: More poetic and loving than “piccola”.

• Similar to English: "My love", "Sweetheart", "Dearest"

---

✅ Which to use when?

Expression	Who says it?	To whom?	Vibe
Piccola	Friends, boyfriends, family	Younger girl, girlfriend, child	Sweet, caring
Dolce tesoro	Romantic partner, affectionate	Lover, close one, dear friend	Deep affection, love

---

💡Example:

• A boyfriend might say: “Buongiorno, piccola” → Good morning, cutie.

• Or: “Ti amo, dolce tesoro” → I love you, sweet treasure.

If someone says “Dolce tesoro” to you — especially a man — it usually means he’s being very affectionate (romantically or intimately).

Tre : 3

il tuo : yours

Tredici : thirteen 

Troppi : too 

Treno: train 🚆 🚂 

Tasche ( " kaske" ) : bag 🛍️ 💰 

Tutta / tutti : all 

Tutto : everything 

Troppa Gente : many people 

Tacchino : turkey 🦃 

Trenta : thirty 

Trovi : you can find 

Trovata : round 

Tranne : except 

Tende : tents / curtains 

Tedesco : German

Terzo ( " terzu " ) : third 🥉 

Tovaglia ( " tovaya " ) : tablecloth 

Abjad U 

Undici : eleven 

Umano : human

Abjad V

Venti : 20

Vecchia : (." Vekia." ) : old 

Voglio ( " bolio" ) : want 

Voci ( " boci " ) : noise 

Volte : times, sometimes 

Voluti : wanted . Non li ho voluti : I have not wanted them 

Vedo : see 🙈 

Vero : true, right, real 

Veramente + " beramente " : really 

Venuta : come, arrive , came . Mi e venuta un'idea : an idea 💡 came to me 

Vedere ( " dedere" ) : to see 🙈 / seeing 

Veloce : fast ⏩:::  non andare veloce : do not go fast ⏩ 

Viola : purple 🟣 💜 

Va Bene : okay ( VA Bene siamo d'accordo : okay, we agree 👍💯)

Vorreste: would you like 

Vicino : neighbors 

Volo , volano : flight ✈️ 🛫 

Viaggiamo ( " viajamo " ) / viagiatto (" biajato ' ): travel 

Vissuti : have lived 

Vinto , ha vinto : won ::: Vinto davvero : really won 

Abjad Z

Zaino : backpack 🎒 

Zio ( " tzio " ) : uncle 

---

🌍 World’s Most Powerful Mafia / Organized Crime Groups

🔹 1. ’Ndrangheta (Italy – Calabria)

• Power: #1 in Europe, possibly the world.

• Specialty: Global cocaine trade (control of much of Europe’s supply).

• Reach: Europe, North & South America, Australia, Africa.

• Revenue: Tens of billions of euros yearly.

• Strength: Family blood-ties make infiltration nearly impossible.

---

🔹 2. Mexican Drug Cartels (e.g., Sinaloa, Jalisco New Generation / CJNG)

• Power: Dominant in the Americas.

• Specialty: Cocaine, meth, heroin, fentanyl exports to U.S. & Europe.

• Reach: Global, but especially Mexico, U.S., South America, Spain.

• Revenue: $20–40+ billion yearly.

• Strength: Violence, corruption, and control of smuggling routes to the U.S.

---

🔹 3. Russian Mafia / “Bratva”

• Power: Huge influence in ex-Soviet states & Europe.

• Specialty: Arms trafficking, cybercrime, money laundering, oil/gas fraud.

• Reach: Worldwide (Europe, U.S., Israel, Asia).

• Strength: Links to politics & oligarchs; very diversified.

---

🔹 4. Camorra (Italy – Naples)

• Power: Very strong locally, huge in Europe.

• Specialty: Counterfeit goods, drugs, waste disposal, construction.

• Reach: Italy, Spain, Eastern Europe, South America.

• Strength: Loose federation of clans, adaptable.

---

🔹 5. Cosa Nostra (Sicilian Mafia)

• Power: Historic, once the most famous mafia.

• Specialty: Extortion, construction, U.S. infiltration.

• Reach: Italy, U.S. (especially New York), Canada.

• Strength: Still powerful, but weaker than ’Ndrangheta today.

---

🔹 6. Yakuza (Japan)

• Power: Legal-ish presence in Japan, heavily regulated but not erased.

• Specialty: Gambling, construction, finance, entertainment, cybercrime.

• Reach: Japan, U.S., Southeast Asia.

• Strength: Semi-legal status makes them unique — operate openly with offices.

---

🔹 7. Albanian Mafia

• Power: Growing fast, especially in Europe.

• Specialty: Cocaine trafficking, heroin from the Balkans, human trafficking.

• Reach: Italy, UK, Netherlands, Switzerland, U.S.

• Strength: Brutal reputation, alliances with Colombian cartels & ’Ndrangheta.

---

🔹 8. Triads (China / Hong Kong)

• Power: Huge network in Asia.

• Specialty: Counterfeit goods, drugs, gambling, human trafficking.

• Reach: China, Hong Kong, Macau, Southeast Asia, U.S., Canada.

• Strength: Historic, but more fragmented compared to others.

---

🔹 9. Hell’s Angels (Canada, U.S., Europe)

• Power: Biggest outlaw motorcycle gang.

• Specialty: Meth, weapons, organized violence, extortion.

• Reach: Global (North America, Europe, Australia).

• Strength: Strong brand, loyalty, violence.

---

🔹 10. Colombian Cartels (remnants of Medellín, Cali → Clan del Golfo, etc.)

• Power: No longer as centralized as Escobar era, but still major.

• Specialty: Cocaine production (supply for Mexican cartels & ’Ndrangheta).

• Reach: Latin America, U.S., Europe.

• Strength: Source of coca leaf and production expertise.

---

🏆 Final Ranking (2025)

1. ’Ndrangheta → Richest mafia in the world, cocaine king.

2. Mexican Cartels → Control U.S. drug trade, massive violence.

3. Russian Mafia → Strong political & financial networks.

4. Camorra → Europe’s counterfeit & drug powerhouse.

5. Cosa Nostra → Legendary, but weaker now.

6. Yakuza → Still powerful in Japan, declining elsewhere.

7. Albanian Mafia → Rising star, feared in Europe.

8. Triads → Historic, but fragmented.

9. Hell’s Angels → Global outlaw brand.

10. Colombian Cartels → Still crucial as suppliers.

---

👉 In short:

• ’Ndrangheta = richest & stealthiest.

• Mexican cartels = most violent.

• Russian mafia = most politically connected.

The ’Ndrangheta is one of the most powerful and secretive criminal organizations in the world. Here are the key points about it:

---

🔹 Origins & Base

• Originates from Calabria, southern Italy (the “toe” of the Italian boot).

• Unlike the Sicilian Mafia (Cosa Nostra) or the Neapolitan Camorra, the ’Ndrangheta is very family-based (blood ties), which makes it harder to infiltrate.

---

🔹 Power & Activities

• Considered the richest mafia in the world, mainly due to control of the global cocaine trade.

• Works closely with Colombian and Mexican cartels to import drugs into Europe (especially via the port of Gioia Tauro in Calabria).

• Involved in:

  • Money laundering

  • Extortion & protection rackets

  • Arms trafficking

  • Political and business infiltration

  • Construction and public contracts

---

🔹 International Reach

• Active not only in Italy but also in Germany, Canada, Australia, USA, and South America.

• The 2007 Duisburg massacre in Germany exposed how far their influence extended beyond Italy.

• Their global drug revenues are estimated in the tens of billions of euros annually.

---

🔹 Structure

• Organized into ’ndrine (clans), based on extended families.

• Each family controls a territory, but they cooperate through a coordinating body called the “Crimine” or “Provincia”.

• The family blood-based structure makes it harder for police to get informants (“pentiti”) compared to Cosa Nostra.

---

🔹 Current Status

• Still extremely powerful today, often considered Italy’s #1 mafia group in terms of wealth and international reach.

• Italian police have conducted several large crackdowns (called Operazione Rinascita-Scott, Maxi-trials, etc.), but the organization remains resilient.

• They are deeply embedded in the legal economy, especially construction, finance, and even politics.

---

👉 Compared to Cosa Nostra (Sicily) and Camorra (Naples), the ’Ndrangheta is now seen as the most dominant because of its control over cocaine trafficking and its ability to stay hidden.

Millefoglie Vanilla🍦 mi favorito 😍millefoglie d'italia.. Beberapa tahun yang lalu kayaknya 2014 deh.. 28rb an lalu 30rban sekarang 50rb an.. 

Gnocchi 4 formaggi is an Italian dish made of soft potato dumplings (gnocchi) served in a creamy sauce made from four types of cheese.

• "4 formaggi" literally means four cheeses in Italian.

• The cheese mix often includes gorgonzola (blue cheese), fontina, parmesan (Parmigiano Reggiano), and mozzarella or taleggio — but the exact combination can vary by chef or region.

• The sauce is rich, smooth, and slightly tangy from the stronger cheeses, coating the gnocchi so each bite is soft and cheesy.

It’s basically the Italian comfort food version of a warm hug — but with four different kinds of cheese giving you the hug at the same time. 🧀