Jumat, 01 September 2023

ENGLISH LANGUAGE

Abjad A

A in NATIONALITIES

Great observation! Here's why:

In English, we don’t use "a" before nationalities when talking about identity with certain words like “Thai,” “Indonesian,” “Japanese,” etc., when used as adjectives or collective nouns. Here's how it works:

1. When using nationality as an adjective:

Correct: I am Thai.
("Thai" describes your identity, like an adjective.)
Incorrect: I am a Thai.
(Sounds unnatural or outdated unless in very specific contexts.)

2. When you CAN use "a":

You can use "a" when you're using nationality as a countable noun, like:

He is a Thai man.
She is an Indonesian. (less common nowadays; “She is Indonesian” sounds more natural)

But in general, for simple identity statements, we drop the article:

I am Thai.
He is Indonesian.
She is American.

Would you like examples with your own nationality or others?

Ardent means having or showing strong feelings or enthusiasm; passionate, bergairah..

audacious : ( " Odesius " ) : brave, impudent

annihilation ("enailesion") : destruction

"at" here because you’re talking about being present at a specific location or occasion (the event).

✅ Correct:

See you at the event. → refers to meeting in the place where the event is happening.

❌ Wrong:

See you in the event. → sounds odd in English unless you mean physically inside the event venue in a very literal sense.

your quick guide to using at, in, and on with events:

1. AT → Most common for events

Use when: referring to being present at a specific event, place, or occasion.

See you at the concert.
We met at the wedding.
She spoke at the conference.

💡 Think: "at" pinpoints the location/occasion.

2. IN → Inside a location or context

Use when: emphasizing being inside something (physical or metaphorical).

See you in the meeting room. (physical space)
She’s in the event program. (part of it, listed)
He’s in the competition. (participating as a competitor)

💡 Think: "in" means enclosed or part of something.

3. ON → Rare with events, usually for schedules or surfaces

Use when: talking about dates or schedules, or when something is displayed.

The event is on Monday. (date)
I saw it on the event website. (surface/platform)

💡 Think: "on" sticks to a date, day, or surface.

Arbitration artinya penyelesaian sengketa di luar pengadilan melalui pihak ketiga yang netral (disebut arbiter).

🔑 Ciri-ciri:

Para pihak sepakat menyerahkan sengketa kepada arbiter.
Proses lebih cepat dan fleksibel dibanding pengadilan.
Keputusan arbiter bersifat final dan mengikat (seperti putusan pengadilan).
Sering dipakai dalam bisnis internasional, kontrak dagang, dan investasi.

👉 Contoh kalimat:

The contract includes an arbitration clause to resolve disputes.
(Kontrak itu mencantumkan klausul arbitrase untuk menyelesaikan sengketa.)

allure means a strong, mysterious attraction or charm that draws people in. ✨

For example:

The allure of the city lights kept her awake all night.
He couldn’t resist the allure of easy money.

It can describe something physical (beauty, glamour) or abstract (power, freedom, mystery).

👉

Abjad B

beat around the bush : beat around the bush

BOUGIE

Expensive, fashionable, middle class

BREAK A LEG 🦵 🍗: good luck

You’re a box of sunshine.”
→ Sweet and cheerful compliment, good for a friendly or warm tone.

“Brash” biasanya dipakai untuk menggambarkan orang yang:

Terlalu percaya diri atau sok berani tanpa mempertimbangkan perasaan orang lain.
Kasar atau kurang sopan dalam cara berbicara atau bertindak.
Tergesa-gesa / nekat melakukan sesuatu tanpa berpikir panjang.

Contoh:

He made a brash decision without thinking about the consequences. (Dia membuat keputusan nekat tanpa memikirkan akibatnya.)
She can be a bit brash when meeting new people. (Dia bisa agak kasar / terlalu blak-blakan saat bertemu orang baru.)

Blizzard artinya:

Badai salju yang sangat kuat, disertai angin kencang dan jarak pandang yang hampir nol. Biasanya terjadi di negara-negara bersalju.

Ciri-cirinya:

Angin sangat kencang
Salju turun deras
Suhu sangat dingin
Hampir tidak bisa melihat apa-apa

Contoh kalimat:

“The town was hit by a blizzard last night.”
“We couldn’t go outside because of the blizzard.”

"Booed" artinya dicemooh atau diejek dengan teriakan “boo” oleh penonton.

👉 Contoh:

The singer was booed off the stage = Penyanyi itu dicemooh sampai turun dari panggung.
The referee was booed by the crowd = Wasit dicemooh oleh penonton.

Biasanya dipakai dalam konteks pertunjukan, olahraga, atau pidato ketika penonton tidak suka.

🌸 — baby’s breath (scientific name Gypsophila) is one of the most common filler flowers in floral arrangements.

🔹 What it means by filler:
In bouquets, florists often combine big “focal” flowers (like roses, lilies, or tulips) with fillers (smaller flowers or greenery) to add volume, texture, and a soft background. Baby’s breath is airy and delicate, making it a classic filler.

🔹 Other popular fillers besides baby’s breath:

Waxflower – tiny blooms with a light fragrance.
Statice (Limonium) – papery small flowers, long-lasting.
Aster – small daisy-like filler flowers.
Solidago (Goldenrod) – tiny yellow clusters.
Eucalyptus sprigs – for greenery filler.
Ferns or ruscus – green leaf fillers.

BYGONE : it's past, it's gone

Bile : bile, anger

bone marrow : sumsum tulang

"Bleakest" is the superlative form of the adjective "bleak", meaning it describes the most extreme or worst version of something bleak.

📚 Meaning of "Bleakest":

It refers to a situation, place, or time that is:

Most hopeless
Most depressing
Most cold, empty, or grim

🔹 Examples:

"It was the bleakest winter in decades."
→ The coldest and most miserable winter.
"She faced the bleakest moment of her life after losing everything."
→ The most hopeless and darkest period.
"The movie shows the bleakest side of human nature."
→ The most negative or cruel aspects.

Bucolic adalah kata sifat dalam bahasa Inggris yang berhubungan dengan kehidupan pedesaan atau alam yang tenang.

📖 Arti Bucolic

Literal:
- Tentang desa, peternakan, atau kehidupan pedesaan.
- Contoh: “The painting depicts a bucolic scene of shepherds and fields.”
  → “Lukisan itu menggambarkan suasana pedesaan dengan para penggembala dan ladang.”
Konotasi:
- Menyiratkan ketenangan, kesederhanaan, dan suasana damai di alam pedesaan.
- Bisa dipakai untuk suasana hidup yang jauh dari hiruk-pikuk kota.

💡 Sinonim

Rustic
Pastoral
Countryside
Idyllic

"Bookworm" artinya orang yang sangat suka membaca buku 📚🐛.

📌 Dua makna utamanya:

Secara harfiah → serangga kecil yang memakan kertas buku.
Secara kiasan → sebutan untuk seseorang yang gemar sekali membaca, bahkan sampai “tenggelam” dalam buku.

✨ Contoh penggunaan:

She’s such a bookworm, she spends all her weekends in the library.
Dia itu kutu buku banget, hampir tiap hari baca.

Abjad C

critter : animal , makhluk . 4 legged furry critter: dog 🐶 🐕 or cat 🐈 🐈 😺

Courtyard: front yard

Corkage ("Corkage": Corkage fee is the fee a restaurant charges customers who bring their own drinks.

“Cadence” artinya irama, ritme, atau alunan teratur dalam suatu alur — bisa dipakai untuk musik, tulisan, ucapan, atau bahkan pola pergerakan.

Contoh penggunaannya:

The cadence of her voice was calming. → Irama suaranya menenangkan.
The song has a beautiful cadence. → Lagu itu punya irama yang indah.

Maknanya lebih ke pola ritmis yang berulang dan terasa enak atau natural saat didengar/dirasakan.

“I’m coining this” 😊

Here’s the meaning 👇

🪙 “Coining this” means:

You are creating or inventing a new phrase, word, or expression — just like how someone “coins” a new term.

For example:

“I’m coining this phrase: digital serenity — the peace you get from using tech mindfully.”

So it means you’re the first to use or name something in that way.

Concedes is a verb that means to admit, accept, or acknowledge something — often something you didn’t want to admit at first.

Examples:

He concedes that he made a mistake. → He admits it.
After losing the election, she conceded defeat. → She accepted that she lost.

In a CAR 🚗 🚨 ==> kalau on a car berarti di atas can nya. Nempel di atas can nya hahaha.

Also in refrigerator ==> correct 💯 😁

CLEAR UP & CLEAR OUT

CRINGING : feeling scared, feeling inferior

The phrase “churn over” can have different meanings depending on the context:

Business / Customers
- To churn over customers → when existing customers leave and new ones replace them.
  Example: “The company churned over 500 subscribers last month.”
Agriculture / Cooking
- To churn over milk/cream → to stir or agitate until it turns into butter.
- To churn over soil → to turn the soil.
Feelings / Thoughts (more figurative)
- When your mind churns over something → you keep thinking about it restlessly.
  Example: “She kept churning over the argument in her head.”

👉

A condiment is a substance added to food to enhance its flavor. Common examples include:

Sauces: ketchup, mustard, mayonnaise, soy sauce
Spices & seasonings: salt, pepper, chili flakes
Pickled or fermented items: pickles, relish, chutney

In short, condiments make food tastier and more flavorful.

“Corn curls” usually refers to a type of snack made from cornmeal that’s extruded and puffed, then flavored (commonly with cheese, butter, or spices).

They’re similar to:

Cheetos (in the U.S.)
Cheese curls / cheese puffs in general
In Indonesia, snacks like Taro Net or some cheese-flavored corn sticks feel pretty close

The texture is light, crunchy, and airy — because the cornmeal mixture expands when cooked.

👉

churn out ( " chern aut " ) : out

"Churn" artinya tergantung konteks:

Bisnis / Marketing → Customer churn adalah jumlah pelanggan yang berhenti menggunakan produk/jasa dalam periode tertentu. Contoh: "The company has a high churn rate" berarti banyak pelanggan yang pindah ke kompetitor atau berhenti berlangganan.
Umum / Harfiah →
- To churn butter = mengocok krim susu sampai jadi mentega.
- To churn water/sea = air yang bergolak / berputar kuat.
- Stomach churn = perasaan mual, tidak enak di perut.

The phrase “cutting it close” is an idiom in English that means you are almost running out of time or barely meeting a deadline. It’s used when someone is taking a risk by leaving very little margin for error.

Examples:

“I only left my house 10 minutes before the meeting—really cutting it close!”
“We’re cutting it close if we want to catch the last train.”

It can also be used in contexts like: money, space, or resources, not just time.

A chasm has a few related meanings depending on the context:

Literal (geography) → A deep crack, opening, or gorge in the earth’s surface.
- Example: They stood on the edge of a dark chasm in the mountain.
Figurative (abstract use) → A huge difference, division, or separation between two people, groups, or ideas.
- Example: There’s a wide chasm between the rich and the poor.

👉 In short:

Physical sense → a deep gap in the ground.
Figurative sense → a big gap or divide in opinions, relationships, or situations.

Yes! “Cutting it short” is different from “cutting it close.”

Cutting it short = ending something earlier than planned. It’s about reducing the duration of an event, conversation, or activity.

Examples:

“I had to cut the meeting short because of an emergency.”
“She cut her vacation short to attend a family event.”

So the difference is:

Cutting it close → barely enough time, very tight margin.
Cutting it short → stopping or finishing something earlier than intended.

“cry my eyes out” is an idiom. It means:

To cry a lot, very intensely.
To release strong emotions through crying.

For example:

After watching that sad movie, I cried my eyes out. → You cried a lot while watching the movie.

It’s not literal—you don’t actually cry your eyes out; it’s just a way to emphasize strong crying.

"Concoction" artinya ramuan atau campuran, biasanya dipakai untuk minuman, obat, atau sesuatu yang dibuat dengan mencampur beberapa bahan.

📌 Contoh penggunaan:

He made a strange concoction of herbs and honey.
(Dia membuat ramuan aneh dari rempah-rempah dan madu.)
The bartender created a colorful concoction.
(Bartender itu membuat campuran minuman yang berwarna-warni.)

Selain arti literal, “concoction” juga bisa dipakai secara kiasan → untuk ide atau cerita yang dibuat-buat / hasil campuran berbagai hal.

“catapult” bisa punya beberapa arti:

Benda / senjata → Alat untuk melontarkan batu atau proyektil dengan tenaga elastis/tali, mirip ketapel.
- British English: catapult = ketapel kecil.
- American English: biasanya slingshot untuk ketapel kecil, catapult untuk pelontar besar (alat perang).
Kiasan → Digunakan untuk menggambarkan sesuatu yang mendongkrak dengan cepat atau membuat seseorang/sesuatu melonjak drastis.
- Contoh: The scandal catapulted him into fame = Skandal itu mendongkrak ketenarannya secara tiba-tiba.

"Combustible" artinya mudah terbakar atau dapat menyala jika terkena api/panas. 🔥

📌 Contoh penggunaan:

Bahasa Inggris: Gasoline is highly combustible.
Bahasa Indonesia: Bensin sangat mudah terbakar.

Dalam konteks teknis, "combustible" berbeda dengan "flammable":

Flammable → sangat mudah menyala pada suhu rendah.
Combustible → butuh suhu lebih tinggi untuk terbakar, tapi tetap bisa menyala.

Abjad D

DRAFT ✍📄BEER 🍻

"Draft" in draft root beer typically means that the root beer is served or made in a way similar to draft beer—that is, it’s stored in and poured from a keg or pressurized container rather than being bottled or canned.

In commercial terms, "draft-style" or "draft" root beer often implies:

A smoother, creamier texture, often from added carbonation through nitro or CO₂ taps.
A richer flavor, closer to what you’d get from a soda fountain or tap.
Sometimes it just means premium or nostalgic branding, even if it’s in a bottle.

Brands like Barq's, Mug, or A&W may label some of their bottles as "draft style" to reflect that smooth, fountain-like taste.

Kata “decrepit” adalah kata sifat (adjective) dalam bahasa Inggris yang berarti:

Lemah atau rapuh karena usia atau pemakaian
Usang, reyot, atau rusak karena lama tidak terawat

Contoh penggunaan:

The decrepit old house looked like it might collapse any day.
→ Rumah tua yang reyot itu tampak seperti bisa runtuh kapan saja.
He walked with a decrepit cane after his long illness.
→ Dia berjalan dengan tongkat yang rapuh setelah sakit panjang.

Singkatnya, “decrepit” sering dipakai untuk orang tua, bangunan, atau benda yang sudah tua dan rapuh.

“Dispersed” means scattered, spread out, or distributed in different directions rather than gathered in one place.

Examples:

The crowd dispersed after the concert. (The people spread out and went home.)
The smoke dispersed into the air. (It spread out and became thin.)
Information was dispersed across many documents. (It was scattered, not in one place.)

If you want synonyms:
Scattered, spread, diffused, distributed, dissipated.

😄 The phrase “dumber than a box of rocks” is an English idiom — it means someone is very stupid or lacks common sense.

It’s a playful (sometimes insulting) way to say someone isn’t very smart — like saying:

“He’s not the brightest bulb in the box.”
or
“She’s as sharp as a marble.”

It’s often used jokingly, not literally.

“drenched” dalam bahasa Inggris berarti sangat basah atau tergenang air, biasanya karena hujan deras, tumpahan, atau keringat.

Contoh penggunaan:

I got drenched in the rain. → Aku basah kuyup karena hujan.
After the workout, I was drenched in sweat. → Setelah latihan, aku basah oleh keringat.

🏠 Domestic Breakdown

Problems inside the home or family.
Examples: divorce, constant arguments, abuse, financial stress, neglect.
It’s internal conflict within the household.

Domestic battery adalah istilah hukum (khususnya di Amerika Serikat) untuk tindakan kekerasan fisik terhadap pasangan atau anggota keluarga dalam satu rumah tangga.

📌 Penjelasan:

Battery dalam hukum → berarti kekerasan fisik dengan kontak langsung, misalnya memukul, menampar, mendorong, atau melukai orang lain.
Domestic → artinya terjadi dalam lingkup rumah tangga, biasanya terhadap pasangan (suami/istri/pacar), anak, atau anggota keluarga yang tinggal bersama.

⚖️ Jadi, domestic battery = bentuk kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT) secara fisik.
Sering kali hukum menggolongkan ini sebagai pelanggaran serius, bisa berupa misdemeanor (pelanggaran ringan) atau felony (kejahatan berat) tergantung tingkat luka dan kondisi korban.

🙂 aku jelaskan perbedaan domestic battery vs domestic violence:

🔹 Domestic Battery

Fokusnya fisik → pemukulan, penamparan, pendorongan, cekikan, atau kontak tubuh lain yang melukai.
Dalam hukum, battery = ada kontak fisik yang disengaja dan dianggap menyakitkan/merugikan.
Contoh: suami menampar istrinya, pacar mendorong pacarnya hingga jatuh.

🔹 Domestic Violence

Lebih luas cakupannya → bisa fisik, emosional, psikologis, finansial, atau seksual.
Tidak harus ada kontak fisik. Ancaman, pengendalian ekonomi, atau manipulasi mental juga termasuk.
Contoh: melarang pasangan bekerja, mengontrol semua uang, mengancam akan menyakiti jika pasangan pergi.

👉 Jadi, domestic battery = salah satu bentuk domestic violence, tepatnya bagian fisik.

Kata “demure” biasanya dipakai untuk menggambarkan sifat atau penampilan seseorang, terutama perempuan:

🙂 Sopan, anggun, tenang – menunjukkan sikap yang tidak berlebihan, tidak mencolok.
- She gave a demure smile. → Dia memberi senyum anggun/sopan.
👗 Pakaian atau gaya – sederhana, tertutup, elegan, tidak terlalu mencolok.
- She wore a demure dress for the dinner. → Dia mengenakan gaun sederhana dan anggun untuk makan malam.
📖 Kadang dipakai agak ironis – untuk menggambarkan orang yang tampak malu-malu, tapi sebenarnya bisa berbeda.

✨ Jadi intinya, demure = anggun, sopan, sederhana, tenang (lebih halus daripada sekadar “shy”).

🔹 Demure

Nuansa: anggun, sopan, kalem. Lebih ke penampilan luar dan sikap tenang.
Contoh: She gave a demure nod. → dia mengangguk dengan sopan dan anggun.

🔹 Shy

Nuansa: sifat pemalu, kurang percaya diri, enggan jadi pusat perhatian. Lebih ke kepribadian asli.
Contoh: He is too shy to speak in public. → dia terlalu pemalu untuk bicara di depan umum.

🔹 Modest

Nuansa: sederhana, tidak pamer, rendah hati. Bisa dipakai untuk karakter, penampilan, atau gaya hidup.
Contoh: She lives in a modest house. → dia tinggal di rumah sederhana.
Contoh: He is modest about his success. → dia rendah hati tentang kesuksesannya.

📌 Jadi:

Kalau bicara gaya anggun & kalem → demure
Kalau bicara pemalu secara personal → shy
Kalau bicara sederhana / rendah hati → modest

“Drowsiness” artinya ngantuk atau kondisi rasa ingin tidur / lelah.
Ini berbeda dengan tidur normal karena drowsiness biasanya datang tiba-tiba atau sebagai efek samping sesuatu.

📌 Penyebab umum drowsiness:

Kurang tidur atau tidur tidak berkualitas
Efek samping obat (misalnya antihistamin, obat flu, obat penenang)
Makan terlalu banyak atau makanan tinggi karbohidrat
Kondisi medis (misalnya anemia, diabetes, sleep apnea, hipotiroid)
Dehidrasi atau kekurangan nutrisi tertentu
Kurang aktivitas fisik

📌 Cara mengurangi drowsiness:

Tidur cukup & berkualitas (7–9 jam/hari untuk dewasa)
Minum air cukup
Makan seimbang, hindari gula berlebih
Olahraga ringan → bantu energi tetap stabil
Kurangi kafein berlebihan (karena bisa bikin “crash” setelah efeknya habis)

“depletion” means the reduction or using up of something until there’s little or nothing left.

Common uses:

Resources / Environment
- “Deforestation leads to the depletion of natural resources.”
  👉 the forests are used up / reduced.
Energy / Strength
- “After working all night, he felt a depletion of energy.”
  👉 his energy was drained.
Finance / Supplies
- “The company is facing a depletion of funds.”
  👉 the money is running out.

So, depletion = gradual loss, reduction, or exhaustion of something valuable.

👉

Here are some good synonyms for “depletion” depending on the context:

🔋 When talking about energy or strength

Exhaustion
Drain
Fatigue

🌍 When talking about resources or environment

Reduction
Diminishing
Erosion
Consumption

💰 When talking about money or supplies

Running out
Shortage
Decline
Loss

Example swaps:

“Depletion of funds” → shortage of funds.
“Depletion of energy” → exhaustion of energy.
“Depletion of natural resources” → reduction of natural resources.

👍

“Darn it” vs. “Damn it”

Darn it
- Softer, milder, “clean” version.
- Often used when you don’t want to sound rude or offensive.
- Example: “Darn it, I forgot my keys again!”
- Similar to saying “Aduh” or “Astagaaa” in Indonesian.
Damn it
- Stronger, more intense, can sound harsher.
- Some people see it as a mild curse word.
- Example: “Damn it, why won’t this computer work?!”
- More like “Sialan banget” or “Brengsek” depending on the tone.

👉 Basically: “darn it” = polite frustration, “damn it” = stronger frustration/anger.

Doxing is a form of cyberbullying that uses sensitive or secret information, statements, or records for the harassment, exposure, financial harm, or other exploitation of targeted individuals. On a protest video 📼📹🎥I heard people say we dox you!

For example : they give your name and address on the internet ( none wants it )

“diciamo” literally means “we say” (from the verb dire – “to say”).

However, in everyday conversation, it’s often used more loosely, similar to “let’s say”, “so to speak”, or “for example” in English. It can soften a statement or introduce an approximation.

Examples:

Diciamo che non è il momento giusto. → “Let’s say it’s not the right time.”
Ha speso, diciamo, un sacco di soldi. → “He spent, let’s say, a lot of money.”

Decadent means something that’s very rich, indulgent, and luxurious—usually describing food that feels really special and deliciously over-the-top, like a dessert that’s creamy, sweet, and satisfying.

DRY AGED BEEF 🐂🥩

Dry-aged beef is beef that has been aged in a controlled, refrigerated environment for several weeks to enhance its flavor and tenderness. Here's a quick breakdown:

How it works:

The beef is typically hung or placed on racks in a humidity-controlled fridge.
Over time (usually 21–45 days, though it can go longer), moisture evaporates from the meat, concentrating the flavor.
Natural enzymes break down muscle tissue, making it more tender.

Result:

A more intense, beefy flavor—often described as nutty, earthy, or even slightly funky.
A firmer, more tender texture.

Common cuts for dry-aging:

Ribeye
Striploin
Sirloin

Would you like to try it at a restaurant, cook it yourself, or just curious about the taste?

Delve : menggali

DAINTY : beautiful, delicate

1. The ballerina’s movements were so dainty, they seemed almost ethereal.

2. She picked up the teacup with her dainty fingers, careful not to spill a drop.

3. The bakery sold dainty pastries that looked too beautiful to eat.

4. He admired the dainty flowers in the garden, each petal perfectly formed.

5. Her dainty laugh filled the room, making everyone smile.

6. The antique necklace featured a dainty chain with a tiny pearl pendant.

7. Despite its dainty appearance, the bird's nest was surprisingly sturdy.

8. She walked in a dainty manner, as if floating on air.

9. The bride wore a dainty lace veil that complemented her dress perfectly.

10. The artist’s brushstrokes were dainty, adding delicate details to the painting.

DEROGATORY : menghina, disrespect

dockets : court proceedings

DROP THE BALL :

The phrase "drop of the ball" is often associated with New Year's Eve celebrations, particularly in Times Square, New York City, where a large, illuminated ball is lowered at midnight to mark the start of the new year.

It can also figuratively mean "failing to meet expectations" or "making a mistake."

Abjad E

ELVEN : Fairies or Elves, a race of fertility gods in Germanic mythology. Fairies usually live in places close to nature 🌿🍃

"Ensnared" artinya terjerat, terperangkap, atau terikat dalam sesuatu.

🔹 Bisa dipakai secara harfiah → misalnya binatang ensnared dalam jaring.
🔹 Bisa juga secara figuratif → seseorang ensnared dalam hubungan toksik, hutang, atau situasi sulit.

Contoh kalimat:

The rabbit was ensnared in the hunter’s trap. → Kelinci itu terjerat dalam perangkap pemburu.
She felt ensnared by his lies and manipulation. → Dia merasa terperangkap oleh kebohongan dan manipulasi pria itu.

ENUNCIATE

Enunciate means to pronounce words clearly and firmly, so that the listener can understand every word spoken without difficulty. This involves pronouncing letters or syllables correctly and without rushing, ensuring good sound and articulation. Good enunciation helps in communication, especially in public speaking or when making presentations, so that the message conveyed can be clearly received by the audience.

Entitlement is the feeling that one is **entitled** to receive something without any effort, contribution, or clear reason. In Indonesian, it is often translated as **“a sense of entitlement”** or **“the attitude of feeling deserving of receiving”** something, even though it is not necessarily deserved.

Usage example:

* "He feels **entitled** to be respected, even though he hasn't done anything to deserve it."

* "An attitude of **entitlement** can hinder personal development because it makes us reluctant to fight."

**Characteristics of people with an entitlement attitude:**

* Feeling deserving of special treatment.

* Easily offended if not treated according to expectations.

* Often blame others when they fail.

* Avoiding responsibility but expecting big results.

Would you like me to help you with some quotes or reflections on *entitlement* too?

eerie ( " Envy " ) : scary

Easy peasy" : "very easy" or "extremely simple

Ethereal : very subtle

Elusive ( " Elusive " ) : difficult to understand

EXTRAPOLATE : predict the possibility

exemplify ( 'exemplify ") : give an example

MIDDLING : fair, medium

"Expedited" refers to a process that is faster than the standard or usual timeframe. In the context of visa applications, expedited processing means that your visa application is handled more quickly than normal, often for an additional fee or based on specific circumstances that warrant faster processing, such as urgent travel needs.

For example, if you apply for a visa with expedited processing, your application might be reviewed and decided upon much sooner than the regular processing time.

"Exuberant" means full of energy, enthusiasm, and excitement, often expressed in a lively or even overflowing way.

Example:

She gave an exuberant welcome to her friends, jumping and laughing as they arrived.
The garden was exuberant with bright flowers in every color.

It can describe both people’s moods and things that are richly abundant.

Abjad F

formidable artinya sesuatu yang menimbulkan rasa kagum sekaligus takut atau segan karena sangat hebat, kuat, besar, atau sulit dihadapi.

Contoh penggunaan:

She is a formidable leader → Dia pemimpin yang tangguh/berwibawa.
A formidable challenge → Tantangan yang berat.

Jadi nuansanya bisa positif (mengagumkan, kuat) atau negatif (menakutkan, susah diatasi), tergantung konteks.

The phrase “flowing crimson” usually refers to something red moving or spreading like a liquid — most often it’s used poetically to describe:

Blood, e.g. “Flowing crimson stained the battlefield.”
A red fabric, e.g. “Her gown of flowing crimson silk shimmered under the light.”
Or even a sunset, e.g. “The sky burned with flowing crimson hues.”

It evokes an image that’s vivid, emotional, and intense — often symbolizing passion, life, danger, or beauty depending on the context.

Kata “fumbles” artinya bergantung pada konteks, tapi secara umum:

🙈 Gerakan canggung / kikuk dengan tangan – saat seseorang tidak bisa memegang atau menangani sesuatu dengan baik.
- She fumbles with her keys in the dark. → Dia kikuk mencari kuncinya dalam gelap.
🏈 Istilah olahraga (terutama American football) – kehilangan bola karena gagal menggenggamnya dengan benar.
- The player fumbles the ball at the last second.
😅 Kiasan untuk salah bicara / salah bertindak – membuat kesalahan karena gugup atau tidak siap.
- He fumbles his words during the presentation.

Jadi “to fumble” = melakukan sesuatu dengan kikuk, salah, atau gagal menguasai situasi.

"Falling out" means having a disagreement or argument that damages a relationship.

Example:

"We had a falling out last year and haven’t spoken since."
→ They argued and are no longer close.

It can be used for friendships, family, or even business relationships.

There are quite a few common phrases with “falling”—some are literal, others are idiomatic:

1. Emotional / Relationship context

Falling in love → starting to feel romantic love.
Falling for someone → developing feelings for someone (can also mean being tricked by someone: "I fell for his lies").
Falling out of love → losing romantic feelings.
Falling apart → emotionally breaking down or when something is disorganized.
Falling into place → things starting to work out as planned.

2. Life / Situation context

Falling behind → not keeping up with others.
Falling short → not meeting expectations.
Falling into → getting involved in something (often unexpectedly: "She fell into acting").
Falling through → plans failing to happen.

3. Physical / Literal

Falling asleep → starting to sleep.
Falling over → losing balance.
Falling down → collapsing to the ground.

“Food to die for” is an idiom people use when they mean something is extremely delicious or irresistible—so good that it feels worth any price or consequence.

For example, you might say:

“That chocolate cake is to die for.”
“The sushi at that restaurant is to die for.”

It doesn’t mean literally dying—it’s just a very strong way of praising food.

👉

FASHIONABLY LATE

FIRE 🔥SWEPT : the fire spread quickly ( spread not spreads because fire 🔥 is uncountable and counted a lot)

Frills : hiasan tambahan

FELINE

"Feline" refers to cats or anything related to the cat family (scientific family Felidae). This includes both domestic cats (Felis catus) and wild cats like lions, tigers, leopards, and cheetahs.

So if someone says something is “feline,” they might mean:

Literally a cat (e.g., “feline companion” = pet cat)
Something that resembles or moves like a cat (e.g., “She had a feline grace”)
Referring to the biological group that includes all cat species

Are you thinking of using "feline" for a business name, theme, or something else?

FUDGE: like chocolate, a dense, rich confection usually made with sugar, milk or cream, butter, and chocolate or other flavorings.

ferocious: you win

fizzle : confusion, failure, hiss

A flagship phone refers to the top-of-the-line smartphone produced by a brand. It's the model that showcases the best features, latest technology, and premium design that the company has to offer.

Key traits of a flagship phone:

High performance (latest processor, lots of RAM)
Best cameras available from that brand
High-quality display (e.g., OLED, high refresh rate)
Premium materials (glass, metal)
Latest software features
Expensive price tag

Examples:

Samsung Galaxy S series (e.g., S24 Ultra)
Apple iPhone Pro/Pro Max models
Google Pixel Pro series
Xiaomi 14 Pro, iQOO 12, etc.

In short, it's the "best of the best" phone each brand offers in a year. You said before that you use flagship phones — that means you use phones that are considered high-end or elite from their brand

Abjad G

“Groggy” means feeling dizzy, weak, or not fully awake — like when you’ve just woken up, are jet-lagged, or took medicine that makes you drowsy.

🧠 Examples:

“I felt groggy after taking that cold medicine.”
“She’s still groggy from waking up too early.”

In Indonesian:
👉 “Groggy” artinya pusing, lemas, atau linglung — biasanya karena belum sepenuhnya sadar atau kelelahan.

Gilded: gilded

gullible ("galebel"): easily deceived

“Gravel” artinya tergantung konteks, tapi umumnya:

📌 Arti dasar:

Batu kerikil kecil → campuran batu pecah-pecah kecil yang biasanya dipakai untuk jalan, halaman, atau bahan bangunan.

Example: The road is covered with gravel. (Jalan itu ditutupi kerikil.)

📌 Idiomatik / figuratif:

Gravelly voice → suara serak, berat, kasar (seperti suara orang habis bangun tidur atau merokok lama).

Abjad H

Homestead

Hawker : street vendor ✋🕔, food center

“Haggling” means negotiating the price of something, usually trying to get it cheaper. It’s often used in markets or informal sales.

Examples:

I spent an hour haggling with the vendor over the price of the carpet.
She’s very good at haggling; she got the bag for half the original price.

💡 Key point:

It’s different from just asking for a discount—it involves back-and-forth negotiation until both sides agree.

The correct form is “an hour.” ✅

That’s because:

“Hour” starts with a silent h → it sounds like it begins with a vowel sound (our).
In English, we use “an” before vowel sounds (a, e, i, o, u sounds), not just the letter.

👉 Examples:

✅ an hour
✅ an honor
✅ an honest person
❌ a hour

"Hollering" artinya berteriak keras atau memanggil dengan suara lantang. Bisa dipakai untuk:

Menunjukkan seseorang berteriak karena marah atau panik:
“He was hollering at me across the street.”
Bisa juga dipakai dengan nuansa positif, seperti sorakan atau teriakan gembira:
“The crowd was hollering during the concert.”

How are you?

Here are several alternative ways to say "How are you?" — from casual to warm, thoughtful, or professional tones:

🌿 Friendly / Casual

How’s it going?
What’s up?
How’ve you been?
How’s life treating you?
Everything good?

🌸 Warm / Caring

How are you feeling today?
How’s your heart?
How’s your day going so far?
What’s been on your mind lately?
Is everything okay with you?

💼 Professional / Polite

I hope you're doing well.
How have you been lately?
I trust all is well with you.
How are things on your end?
Hope everything’s going smoothly.

✨ Creative / Light-hearted

What’s the vibe today?
How’s your soul doing?
Surviving or thriving?
What’s the mood today?
Any sunshine in your world today?

Yes 👍 “How the hell is everyone?” is very much an American way of speaking.

In the U.S., people often throw in words like hell to make a phrase sound more casual, emphatic, or dramatic without going fully vulgar.

👉 Example:

“Where the hell have you been?” (instead of just “Where have you been?”)
“How the hell did that happen?”
“Why the hell not?”

It’s part of American conversational style — more expressive, sometimes a little rough, but often playful depending on tone.

In the UK, people are more likely to say “How the bloody hell is everyone?” (using bloody instead of hell).

Hoisting artinya mengangkat atau mengibarkan sesuatu yang berat ke atas, biasanya dengan bantuan tangan, tali, atau alat (seperti crane).

🔹 Makna literal:

The workers were hoisting the heavy steel beams onto the building.
→ Para pekerja sedang mengangkat balok baja berat ke atas gedung.
They were hoisting the sails on the ship.
→ Mereka sedang mengibarkan layar di kapal.
The flag was hoisted at sunrise.
→ Bendera dikibarkan saat matahari terbit.

🔹 Makna figuratif:
Kadang dipakai untuk “mengangkat” sesuatu secara simbolis.

He was hoisted into a position of power.
→ Dia “diangkat” ke posisi kekuasaan.

Oke 👍 aku jelaskan perbedaan hoist dan lift biar gampang kamu pakai:

1. Lift

Umum dipakai untuk mengangkat sesuatu ke atas dengan tangan, tenaga, atau mesin.
Bisa benda ringan atau berat.
Kata sehari-hari.

📌 Contoh:

Can you lift this box for me? → Bisa angkat kotak ini untukku?
She lifted the baby into her arms. → Dia mengangkat bayi itu ke pelukannya.

2. Hoist

Lebih formal / teknis, biasanya untuk mengangkat sesuatu yang berat atau besar dengan alat bantu (tali, katrol, crane, bendera dengan tiang).
Lebih jarang dipakai dalam percakapan sehari-hari.

📌 Contoh:

The workers hoisted the engine into the truck with a crane. → Pekerja mengangkat mesin ke truk dengan derek.
They hoisted the flag to celebrate the victory. → Mereka mengibarkan bendera untuk merayakan kemenangan.

✨ Jadi gampangnya:

Lift = mengangkat biasa (ringan atau berat, formal/informal).
Hoist = mengangkat/menaikkan dengan alat, lebih berat, atau lebih simbolis.

Hostility artinya permusuhan, sikap bermusuhan, atau perlawanan.
Ini biasanya menggambarkan emosi negatif atau hubungan yang tegang antara orang, kelompok, atau bahkan negara.

🔹 Makna umum:

There was open hostility between the two families.
→ Ada permusuhan terbuka antara kedua keluarga itu.
She faced hostility from her colleagues after the promotion.
→ Dia menghadapi sikap bermusuhan dari rekan-rekannya setelah promosi.

🔹 Makna dalam hubungan internasional / politik:

The treaty ended years of hostility between the two nations.
→ Perjanjian itu mengakhiri permusuhan bertahun-tahun antara kedua negara.

🔹 Makna sikap / suasana:

He spoke with hostility in his voice.
→ Dia berbicara dengan nada penuh permusuhan.

✨ Kata ini lebih kuat dibanding anger (marah), karena bukan hanya emosi sesaat, tapi bisa berarti kebencian mendalam atau sikap menentang yang berkelanjutan.

Bagus 👌 aku buatkan perbandingan biar kamu bisa bedakan nuansa kata hostility, hatred, dan enmity:

1. Hostility

👉 Lebih ke sikap bermusuhan atau suasana penuh ketegangan. Bisa muncul dari konflik, kompetisi, atau rasa tidak suka.

Tidak selalu berarti kebencian mendalam, tapi ada tindakan / ekspresi permusuhan.
📌 There was hostility in his tone. → Ada nada permusuhan dalam suaranya.

2. Hatred

👉 Lebih ke perasaan benci mendalam dalam hati.

Fokusnya pada emosi internal (emosi kebencian), belum tentu ada aksi nyata.
📌 She felt intense hatred toward her enemy. → Dia merasakan kebencian mendalam terhadap musuhnya.

3. Enmity

👉 Lebih formal/literary, artinya permusuhan yang panjang dan mendalam (seperti rivalitas atau konflik lama).

Biasanya dua pihak saling bermusuhan dalam jangka panjang.
📌 The enmity between the two clans lasted for generations. → Permusuhan antara dua klan itu berlangsung selama beberapa generasi.

✨ Ringkasnya:

Hostility = sikap bermusuhan (lebih tampak di luar).
Hatred = kebencian mendalam (lebih ke perasaan di dalam).
Enmity = permusuhan lama dan serius (lebih permanen/berat).

Honing berarti mengasah atau menyempurnakan keterampilan agar lebih tajam dan efektif. Dalam konteks ini, honing your skill in business growth strategy berarti memperdalam pemahaman, meningkatkan keahlian, dan mengoptimalkan strategi yang kamu gunakan agar semakin kuat dan berdampak.

Misalnya, cara mengasah keahlian ini bisa melalui:

Belajar dari studi kasus bisnis sukses (terutama dalam ekspansi global & digital).
Mengikuti tren dan inovasi di bidang strategi bisnis, teknologi, dan e-commerce.
Menguji strategi dalam bisnismu sendiri dan melihat apa yang berhasil atau perlu diperbaiki.
Networking dan belajar dari para ahli yang sudah sukses dalam skala besar.
Membagikan wawasanmu melalui tulisan atau konsultasi agar diakui sebagai ahli.

Abjad i

INTEREST

Interested in = interested selalu+ in

Example: i am interested in swimming 🥽, in reading books.

impregnable : yang tidak terkalahkan, tidak terebut, unbeatable

"Invigorated" means feeling full of energy, refreshed, more alive, and stronger.

If you say “I feel invigorated,” it means you feel renewed, powered up, like your spirit or body has been boosted.

Examples:

After the morning hike, I felt invigorated.
The cold breeze made me feel invigorated.

Kalau dalam bahasa Indonesia: berenergi kembali, segar, bertenaga, bersemangat.

“imbued” means “filled with” or “deeply influenced by” something, usually a quality, feeling, or idea.

Examples:

Her speech was imbued with passion. → Her speech was full of passion.
The story is imbued with a sense of mystery. → The story is full of a mysterious feeling.

A simple way to remember: “imbued = filled with something noticeable or strong.”

📖 Arti Inebriated

➡️ Kata lain dari drunk = mabuk karena alkohol 🍷🍺
➡️ Bisa juga dipakai kiasan = terlalu terbawa perasaan/emosi (misalnya bahagia banget) 😊✨

🔑 Perbedaan dengan Drunk

Drunk 👉 lebih umum & dipakai sehari-hari (kasual).
Inebriated 👉 lebih formal, sering dipakai di tulisan resmi, hukum, atau berita. 📰

📌 Contoh Kalimat

He was inebriated after the party.
👉 Dia mabuk setelah pesta 🍻
She felt inebriated with joy after hearing the news.
👉 Dia terbuai oleh kebahagiaan setelah mendengar kabar itu 💖
The police arrested the inebriated driver.
👉 Polisi menangkap sopir yang mabuk 🚔

An incantation adalah rangkaian kata-kata atau mantra yang diucapkan untuk memanggil kekuatan gaib, melakukan sihir, atau ritual spiritual. ✨🔮

📌 Contoh konteks:

Dalam tradisi kuno, seorang penyihir bisa melafalkan incantation untuk melindungi rumahnya.
Dalam agama tertentu, doa atau japa mantra juga bisa dianggap sebagai bentuk incantation, karena berfungsi memanggil energi ilahi.

Biasanya:

Di dunia sihir/fantasi → incantation = spell (mantra sihir).
Di dunia spiritual/keagamaan → incantation = doa atau pengulangan kata sakral.

Imbecile means a very foolish or stupid person.

It can be:

An insult → "Don’t be such an imbecile!" (rude, calling someone stupid)
Humorous/teasing → "You forgot your keys again, you imbecile 🤦" (light joking between friends)

Origin:

From Latin imbecillus, meaning weak or feeble (originally referring to weakness of the body or mind).
In older psychology (now outdated and offensive), it was once used as a classification for certain intellectual disabilities — but today it’s only used as an insult or comedic exaggeration.

It’s similar to words like idiot, fool, or moron, but “imbecile” sounds a bit more old-fashioned or dramatic.

"Inconspicuous" adalah kata dalam bahasa Inggris yang berarti:

➡️ Tidak mencolok atau tidak menarik perhatian.

Penjelasan:

Sesuatu yang inconspicuous tidak mudah terlihat, tidak menonjol, atau tidak membuat orang langsung memperhatikannya.

Contoh penggunaan:

"She wore inconspicuous clothes to blend in with the crowd."
(Dia memakai pakaian yang tidak mencolok agar menyatu dengan kerumunan.)
"The camera was hidden in an inconspicuous spot."
(Kamera itu disembunyikan di tempat yang tidak mencolok.)

Kalau diterjemahkan ke Bahasa Indonesia, sinonimnya bisa:

Tidak mencolok
Tidak menonjol
Sederhana
Diam-diam

impugn

/imˈpyo͞on/ (." Impyun " ) : meragukan

"Impugn" adalah kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris yang berarti menyerang, meragukan, atau mempertanyakan kebenaran, kejujuran, atau validitas sesuatu — biasanya dalam bentuk argumen atau tuduhan.

Contoh penggunaan:

The lawyer impugned the witness's credibility.
(Pengacara itu meragukan kredibilitas saksi.)
They impugned his motives for resigning.
(Mereka meragukan motifnya untuk mengundurkan diri.)

Sinonim:

Challenge
Question
Dispute
Cast doubt on

Lawan kata:

Confirm
Validate
Support

Kalau dalam bahasa Indonesia, bisa diartikan sebagai:

Menentang
Meragukan
Mempertanyakan
Menyanggah (dalam konteks debat atau argumen)

Income stream artinya aliran pendapatan — sumber uang yang mengalir ke kamu secara berkala.

Bisa dari:

Aktif 💼 — kamu bekerja atau menjalankan usaha (gaji, fee proyek, penjualan produk).
Pasif 💰 — pendapatan yang tetap mengalir walau kamu tidak aktif bekerja setiap hari (sewa properti, royalti, dividen, affiliate marketing).
Campuran 🔄 — misalnya bisnis online yang butuh setup di awal, tapi setelah itu bisa jalan sendiri.

Intricate: rumit. Intricate dragon 🐉🐲carvings

Abjad J

Jump a puddle for you : to make a small sacrifice to help someone, willingness to do something small to support another person.

“jetted off” is an informal way to say that someone left quickly, usually by airplane, often for travel or a trip. For example:

She jetted off to Paris for the weekend. → She quickly left for Paris, probably by plane.
After the meeting, he jetted off to New York. → He left promptly, traveling to New York.

It carries a sense of speed and sometimes luxury or spontaneity.

"Jump down my throat" is an idiom in English meaning to react angrily, aggressively, or defensively to something someone said, often more harshly than the situation deserves.

It does not mean a literal jump — it’s figurative.

Example:

"I just asked a question, no need to jump down my throat!"
→ I only asked, but you responded very angrily.

It’s similar to saying "bite my head off" or "lash out at me".

Jewel of the family ❤️ 😄

"Jewel of the family" is a phrase used to describe a person who is highly valued and cherished within their family. It implies that the person is exceptional, precious, and admired—whether for their talents, character, achievements, or the love and joy they bring to the family. It can refer to a child, sibling, or any family member who stands out as a source of pride and admiration.

Abjad K

“You’re killing me” adalah ungkapan slang dalam bahasa Inggris. Artinya bukan benar-benar dibunuh, tapi:

Makna umum

“Aduh kamu bikin aku stres / capek / frustrasi banget.”
Biasanya dipakai saat seseorang membuat situasi jadi ribet, lucu, atau bikin pusing.

Makna lucu atau flirt

Bisa juga berarti “Aduh kamu bikin aku lemes / gemes / ngakak banget” (cara playful, bukan negatif).

Contoh konteks

Friend: “I forgot to send the file again.”
You: “You’re killing me, bro…”
→ frustrasi ringan.
Someone flirting: “I didn’t mean to look that good today.”
You: “Stop… you’re killing me.”
→ gemes / menggoda.

Abjad L

Low slab = harga paling rendah dalam kategori waktu tertentu

A leather whip means a pecut dari kulit—a tool made of leather strips used for striking, training animals, or sometimes symbolic items.

In English contexts, “leather whip” can refer to:

A physical whip made of braided or thick leather
– Used for horses, livestock, or traditional tools.
A symbolic or historical object
– Appears in old stories, cowboy culture, or martial arts.
A prop in fashion or entertainment
– Sometimes seen in costumes or themed performances.

Litigation artinya proses hukum resmi di pengadilan.
Lebih jelasnya:

Litigation (noun) = proses menggugat atau menyelesaikan sengketa lewat pengadilan.
Biasanya melibatkan plaintiff (penggugat) dan defendant (tergugat).
Hasilnya bisa berupa putusan hakim, ganti rugi, atau perintah tertentu.

👉 Contoh pemakaian:

The company is involved in litigation over a contract dispute.
(Perusahaan sedang terlibat proses hukum terkait sengketa kontrak.)

“Leeway” means extra space, flexibility, or margin to act, decide, or move—basically, some freedom to adjust or take your time.

Examples:

The teacher gave the students leeway on the deadline. (They could submit a bit later.)
We have some leeway in the budget, so we can spend a little more if needed.
He needs leeway to make his own decisions.

💡 Key point:

It’s about having breathing room or flexibility, not being strictly confined.

“Lapsed off into personalities” is an old-fashioned phrase you might see in older books or debates.

It means:
➡️ the discussion or argument drifted away from the main topic and turned into personal remarks, attacks, or talk about people’s character instead of the actual subject.

For example:

The debate began about policy but soon lapsed off into personalities.
(→ instead of discussing the issue, they started criticizing each other personally).

In modern terms, “lapsed off into personalities” would usually be said as:

“Got personal”
“Turned into personal attacks”
“Shifted to character attacks”
“Made it about the person, not the issue”

Example in today’s language:

The meeting started about the budget but got personal when they began criticizing each other’s competence.

👉

A ladle is a long-handled, deep-bowled spoon used for serving liquids like soup, stew, or punch.

🍲 Example: She used a ladle to pour the soup into bowls.

In cooking tools:

Ladle → for liquids
Spoon → for smaller scoops or stirring
Skimmer → for lifting solids from liquids

LA–LA LAND. informal. 1. : the mental state of someone who is not aware of what is really happening — usually used in the phrase in la-la land. I tried to talk to him, but he was off in la-la land.

looming (." Luuming " ).: menjulang

Lore : pengetahuan💯📖📚📝

Lordotic means having an abnormal inward curvature of the spine, or an exaggerated swayback. The term can also refer to a sexual behavior in female animals.

Abjad M

mercenaries : tentara💂💂💂 bayaran

Meticulous ( " metikyules " ) : telitM

"Meticulously" ( dengan teliti, dengan hati hati) means doing something with great attention to detail and care, ensuring that every part is done thoroughly and precisely. It refers to a very careful and accurate approach to a task or process.

Moat (dalam konteks bisnis dan investasi) adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan keunggulan kompetitif jangka panjang yang dimiliki oleh sebuah perusahaan, yang membuatnya sulit ditandingi oleh pesaing.

Istilah ini dipopulerkan oleh investor terkenal Warren Buffett, yang mengibaratkan perusahaan seperti sebuah kastil, dan moat adalah parit pelindung di sekitarnya — semakin lebar dan dalam moat-nya, semakin aman perusahaan dari serangan pesaing.

Contoh jenis-jenis moat:

Brand (Merek kuat)
Contoh: Apple, Coca-Cola
Konsumen tetap memilih produk meskipun harganya lebih mahal karena kepercayaan terhadap merek.
Hak Paten atau Lisensi
Contoh: Perusahaan farmasi dengan paten obat tertentu yang tidak bisa dijual kompetitor.
Biaya Perpindahan Tinggi (Switching Costs)
Contoh: Sistem software akuntansi atau ERP yang sulit dan mahal untuk diganti.
Efek Jaringan (Network Effect)
Contoh: WhatsApp atau Facebook — makin banyak orang pakai, makin bernilai bagi pengguna lain.
Efisiensi Biaya atau Skala Ekonomi
Contoh: Amazon bisa menawarkan harga lebih murah karena skala operasionalnya besar.

Kenapa moat penting?

Investor suka perusahaan dengan moat karena:

Laba lebih stabil.
Tahan terhadap persaingan.
Potensi pertumbuhan jangka panjang lebih tinggi.

Kata “moat” dalam bahasa Inggris secara harfiah berarti:

🔹 Moat = Parit Pertahanan

Biasanya mengelilingi kastil atau benteng untuk melindungi dari musuh. Bisa berisi air atau tidak.

🔸 Arti Kiasan (Dalam Bisnis):

Dalam konteks bisnis atau investasi, moat berarti:

Keunggulan kompetitif jangka panjang yang membuat perusahaan sulit disaingi oleh kompetitor.

Contoh kalimat:

English: "Apple has a strong moat because of its brand loyalty."
Bahasa Indonesia: "Apple memiliki moat yang kuat karena loyalitas mereknya."

Jadi secara ringkas:

Moat (arti literal): Parit pertahanan.
Moat (arti bisnis): Keunggulan kompetitif yang melindungi bisnis dari pesaing
my video https://vt.tiktok.com/ZSHpx2kjmruMq-SKH5x/

MILES APART

Yes, “miles apart” is a very American expression—it's commonly used in the U.S. to describe emotional warmth despite physical distance. It sounds heartfelt and familiar, especially in online or long-distance friendships.

If you want to sound more international-neutral or slightly more poetic, alternatives include:

* “Even though we’re far away…”

* “Across the distance…”

* “From afar…”

But “miles apart” is perfect if you’re aiming for a warm, friendly American vibe.

Abjad N

Novel

noun

1. novel

2. roman

adjective

1. baru

2. asing

naught ( " not " ) : kosong, nihil

Kata “nag” dalam bahasa Inggris artinya:

Mengomel / Merepotkan / Mendesak terus-menerus

Biasanya dipakai untuk orang yang terus menyuruh, mengingatkan, atau mengeluh berulang-ulang sampai membuat orang lain terganggu.
Contoh:

Don’t nag me! → Jangan cerewetin aku / jangan mengomeliku.
She keeps nagging him to clean the room. → Dia terus mendesak dia untuk bersihkan kamar.

“Ninny” is an old-fashioned or playful way to call someone silly, foolish, or not very smart.

Examples:

Don’t be such a ninny! (Don’t be so silly.)
He acted like a ninny when he forgot his own birthday.

It’s usually light teasing, not harshly insulting.

Here are some modern equivalents for “ninny”:

Goof / Goofball – playful, silly person
- Stop being such a goof!
Dork – someone awkward or silly, often in a lovable way
- You’re such a dork for laughing at that joke.
Silly / Silly goose – gentle, affectionate teasing
- Don’t be silly, come on!
Clueless / Airhead – more about being naive or not thinking clearly
- He’s a bit clueless sometimes.
Doofus – playful, slightly insulting
- You forgot your keys again, you doofus!

✨ Tip: “Ninny” has a cute, old-timey vibe, while these modern words range from affectionate to mildly teasing.

A nook is a small, cozy, or hidden corner or space — often a comfortable spot for relaxing, reading, or hiding away.

Examples:

She curled up in the reading nook with a blanket.
They found a little nook in the garden for their picnic.

It can also mean a remote or quiet place:

Every nook and cranny of the house was cleaned. (meaning every small space)

Abjad O

Obscure (" Ebskyur " ) : samar

“overboard” bisa berarti beberapa hal:

Secara harfiah → “jatuh ke laut dari kapal.”
- Contoh: He fell overboard during the storm = Dia jatuh ke laut saat badai.
Secara kiasan/idiom → “berlebihan,” “kebablasan,” atau “terlalu jauh.”
- Contoh: She went overboard with decorations = Dia kebablasan dalam dekorasi (terlalu berlebihan).

“Out of malice” means doing something with the intention to hurt, harm, or upset someone.

For example:

If someone spreads a mean rumor out of malice, they are deliberately trying to cause harm.
If someone accidentally hurts you but didn’t mean to, that’s not out of malice—it was unintentional.

So when I said you’re unlikely to call someone “toxic” out of malice, I meant you probably wouldn’t say it to hurt or attack someone intentionally.

occlusion dalam konteks apa? Karena kata ini bisa dipakai di beberapa bidang:

1️⃣ Kedokteran gigi / ortodonti

Occlusion = cara gigi atas dan gigi bawah bertemu saat menutup mulut.
Tipe-tipe occlusion penting untuk:
- Mengunyah dengan efektif.
- Mencegah sakit rahang, gigi aus, atau masalah gigi lainnya.
Contoh: malocclusion = gigi tidak sejajar dengan benar (overbite, underbite, crossbite).

2️⃣ Medis umum

Bisa berarti penyumbatan atau tertutupnya suatu pembuluh darah, saluran, atau organ.
Contoh:
- Bowel occlusion = sumbatan usus.
- Arterial occlusion = penyumbatan arteri.

3️⃣ Optik / komputer grafis

Dalam visual atau game, occlusion bisa berarti objek yang menghalangi pandangan objek lain.
Contohnya ambient occlusion: teknik shading untuk membuat bayangan lebih realistis di sudut atau area tersembunyi.

Opulent : wealthy, luxurious

onus ( " ones " ) : tanggung jawab

Open to

Yes , I would be open to a speaking slot" means:

"Ya, saya bersedia atau tertarik untuk menjadi pembicara (di suatu acara, forum, atau program)."

Breakdown:

"Open to" = bersedia / terbuka terhadap kemungkinan

"A speaking slot" = jadwal atau kesempatan untuk berbicara sebagai pembicara (misalnya dalam konferensi, seminar, podcast, atau event profesional)

Abjad P

polish 💅: memoles, menggosok

Popsicle : es lilin 🕯️

PLACE TO CRASH

The phrase "place to crash" is an informal way of referring to a place to sleep or stay temporarily, often without much preparation or luxury. It is commonly used when someone needs a quick or casual accommodation, like staying at a friend's house or finding a spot to rest for the night.

pat /pat/ : menepuk

per·plex·ing

/pərˈpleksiNG/ : perplexing : mengejutkan

prodigy : keajaiban, miracle

prominent : menonjol, terkemuka

prosaic ( " prezeik " ) : membosankan

Puddle ( " padl " ) : genangan air

“Pasties” punya dua arti yang sangat berbeda, tergantung konteks:

🥟 1. Pasties (makanan – Inggris)

Pasties adalah makanan khas Inggris, terutama dari Cornwall:
Pastry berisi daging, kentang, bawang, dan wortel, dipanggang seperti pastel besar.
Contohnya: Cornish pasty.

👙 2. Pasties (pakaian – fashion/dance)

Dalam konteks fashion atau dance (burlesque), pasties adalah
penutup kecil untuk menutupi puting, biasanya ditempel di kulit dan sering digunakan oleh penari burlesque atau saat outfit sangat terbuka.

A peddler (also spelled pedlar in British English) is a person who travels from place to place selling small goods, usually carrying them by hand, cart, or bicycle rather than having a fixed shop.

🧺 Key points about a peddler:

They sell items like clothes, jewelry, food, or handmade crafts.
Traditionally, peddlers went door to door or to markets and villages.
It’s one of the oldest forms of trade — before stores existed, people relied on peddlers for goods.
Today, the modern version could be street vendors, market sellers, or even online sellers doing mobile business.

📜 Example in a sentence:

The peddler traveled from village to village selling beautiful handmade scarves.

PULLOVER 🆚 PULL OVER

Pullover : sweater

Pull over : menepi ( mobil 🚗📱)

"porter" itu berasal dari bahasa Inggris.

🔤 Arti kata "porter":

Porter artinya pembawa barang atau orang yang membantu membawa tas/barang bawaan, terutama di tempat-tempat seperti:

Hotel → membantu membawakan koper tamu
Stasiun/kereta → membantu mengangkat dan membawa barang bawaan penumpang
Bandara
Gunung/pendakian → orang lokal yang membantu membawa barang pendaki (dalam konteks ini porter sering digunakan juga di Indonesia)

🧳 Contoh kalimat:

The hotel porter helped me carry my luggage to the room.
(Porter hotel membantu saya membawa koper ke kamar.)

Abjad R

reek ( " Rik " ) : bau

Replenish : ( " Riplenish " ) terisi kembali, restock

Ramparts berarti benteng pertahanan atau dinding pertahanan yang biasanya ada di sekitar kastil, kota, atau fort kuno.

Makna utama:

Struktur tanah atau batu yang tinggi, dipakai untuk melindungi dari serangan.
Biasanya berupa dinding tebal, parit, atau tanah yang ditinggikan.

Contoh penggunaan:

“Soldiers stood on the ramparts, watching the enemy.”
→ Para prajurit berdiri di atas dinding pertahanan.
“The castle’s ramparts were massive and intimidating.”
→ Bentengnya punya dinding pertahanan yang sangat besar dan menakutkan.

Makna figuratif:

Kadang dipakai untuk menggambarkan perlindungan, batas, atau pertahanan batin seseorang (lebih puitis/literer).

“ruptures” adalah bentuk jamak dari rupture, yang berarti pecah, retak, robek, atau putus.

🔹 Makna fisik / medis:

The doctor found several ruptures in the blood vessels. → Dokter menemukan beberapa pecah pada pembuluh darah.
An earthquake can cause ruptures in the ground. → Gempa bumi bisa menyebabkan retakan di tanah.

🔹 Makna figuratif:

There were ruptures in their friendship after the argument. → Ada keretakan dalam persahabatan mereka setelah pertengkaran.
The scandal caused ruptures in the political party. → Skandal itu menimbulkan perpecahan dalam partai politik.

Jadi bisa berarti retakan/pecah secara fisik, atau perpecahan/keretakan dalam hubungan atau sistem.

Read

It depends on what you want to say 🙂

Yesterday he read ✅ → correct, because "read" (past tense) is used for something that already happened yesterday.
👉 Pronounced like “red”.
Yesterday he red ❌ → wrong, because "red" is only a color, not the past tense of "read."

So the correct one is:
➡️ Yesterday he read.

😅 — this is where English gets tricky.

The verb read (present: /riːd/) → past tense is spelled the same read but pronounced /rɛd/ (like “red”).
The word red (the color) is totally different, only used for colors.

✅ Example:

Today I read (/riːd/) a book.
Yesterday I read (/rɛd/) a book.
My shirt is red (the color).

So:

Past of read = read (spelling the same, but sound like “red”).

Rapture : pengangkatan / peristiwa di akhir zaman ketika Yesus Kristus memindahkan orang-orang beriman dari bumi. Peristiwa ini terjadi sebelum

Ribs : rusuk / iga, beef ribs : iga sapi. Rib eye steak 🥩: steak 🥩di bagian dekat rusuk sapi

reciprocity ( " Resipresedi " : timbal balik

“Resorted” biasanya dipakai dalam konteks seperti ini:

🔹 To resort to something = terpaksa menggunakan / melakukan sesuatu karena tidak ada pilihan lain.

Contoh:

She resorted to borrowing money because her savings ran out.
👉 Dia terpaksa meminjam uang karena tabungannya habis.

Kalau bentuk past tense → resorted.

Jadi artinya lebih ke arah “akhirnya memilih cara itu karena tidak ada jalan lain.”

RESORT has 2 vibes 🤔
🏝️ Resort = luxury holiday place (relax & chill 😎)
👉 Resort to = last option, done when no choice 😅
Example:
“I stayed in a Bali resort 🏖️” vs
“She resorted to crying 😢”

Betul 👍 biasanya pola nya begini:

Resort to + noun / verb-ing

Kenapa verb-ing? Karena setelah preposisi “to”, kata kerja berubah jadi gerund (verb-ing).

📌 Contoh:

She resorted to crying for help. → Dia terpaksa menangis minta tolong.
He resorted to using violence. → Dia terpaksa menggunakan kekerasan.
They resorted to cheating in the exam. → Mereka terpaksa menyontek di ujian.

Kalau bukan verb, bisa langsung noun:

We resorted to violence. → Kami terpaksa menggunakan kekerasan.

👉 Jadi rumus gampangnya: resort to + noun / verb-ing ✅

Oke, aku bikinin tabel singkatnya biar gampang dipahami ✨

Pola	Contoh Kalimat (English)	Terjemahan
Resort to + noun	They resorted to violence.	Mereka terpaksa menggunakan kekerasan.
Resort to + verb-ing	She resorted to crying for help.	Dia terpaksa menangis minta tolong.
Resort to + verb-ing	He resorted to using fake ID.	Dia terpaksa memakai identitas palsu.
Resort to + noun	We resorted to tricks.	Kami terpaksa menggunakan trik.

🔑 Ingat:

Setelah to di sini, bukan infinitive (to + verb), tapi gerund (verb-ing) atau noun.
Artinya selalu: terpaksa melakukan sesuatu sebagai jalan terakhir.

Abjad S

shovet : mendorong 🚗🚕

sovereign : supreme ruler / pemimpin

scrimp : berhemat

Kata “scavenged” ˈ(" skavənj " )berasal dari kata kerja “scavenge” yang berarti:

Mengambil atau mencari sesuatu yang masih bisa digunakan dari sampah, reruntuhan, atau tempat yang ditinggalkan.
- Contoh: He scavenged old metal from the junkyard to make a sculpture.
  (Dia mengambil besi bekas dari tempat sampah untuk membuat patung.)
Dalam konteks hewan: memakan sisa-sisa bangkai atau makanan yang sudah ada.
- Contoh: Vultures scavenged the carcass.
  (Burung pemakan bangkai memakan sisa bangkai.)

💡 Jadi scavenged = mengambil atau memanfaatkan sesuatu yang tersisa / bekas / ditinggalkan.

Sheer punya beberapa arti tergantung konteks, tapi intinya selalu menggambarkan sesuatu yang sangat jelas, murni, atau tipis sekali.

1. Sangat besar / murni / absolut

Digunakan untuk menekankan sesuatu.

“Sheer luck” → murni keberuntungan.
“The sheer size of the building” → ukuran bangunannya sangat besar.

2. Tipis sekali / transparan

Biasanya untuk kain atau pakaian.

“Sheer fabric” → kain tipis bening (kayak chiffon, organza).
“Sheer dress” → dress yang transparan atau semi-transparan.

3. Tegak / curam

Untuk menggambarkan sesuatu yang hampir vertikal.

“A sheer cliff” → tebing yang curam sekali.

The steppe is a large, flat area of land with grass and few trees, typically found in regions with a continental climate — meaning hot summers, cold winters, and low rainfall.

🌾 Key features of steppe:

Mostly covered by grasses and shrubs, not forests.
Soil is fertile, which makes it good for agriculture (especially wheat).
Found in Eurasia (Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia), North America (Great Plains), and parts of South America (Patagonia).
Home to nomadic herders, who traditionally raise horses, sheep, or cattle.

🗺️ Famous examples:

Eurasian Steppe — stretches from Ukraine through southern Russia to Mongolia and northern China.
Mongolian Steppe — known for its vast open landscapes and nomadic culture.
Great Plains (USA/Canada) — sometimes called a “temperate steppe.”

“I can’t stomach her” means:

👉 You really can’t tolerate or stand that person — you dislike her strongly, either because of her personality, behavior, or something she did.

Examples:

“I can’t stomach her arrogance.” = I really can’t stand how arrogant she is.
“He can’t stomach his boss.” = He dislikes his boss so much that even being around them feels unpleasant.

So it’s an emotional expression — not about the physical stomach, but about intense dislike or aversion.

"Swashbuckling" biasanya dipakai untuk menggambarkan gaya yang penuh aksi, keberanian, petualangan, dan heroik, sering dipakai untuk tokoh bajak laut, ksatria, atau pahlawan dalam cerita.

👉 Contoh nuansa maknanya:

Film / cerita: film bajak laut yang penuh duel pedang, aksi berani, dan petualangan laut sering disebut swashbuckling adventure.
Orang: seseorang yang bergaya percaya diri, berani mengambil risiko, dan penuh karisma bisa disebut a swashbuckling hero.

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, bisa diterjemahkan jadi:

Pemberani
Petualang nekat
Heroik penuh aksi

“shackled” literally means bound or restrained with chains or shackles, often referring to the hands or feet. Figuratively, it can also mean restricted, confined, or held back in a non-physical sense, such as emotions, freedom, or opportunities.

Examples:

Literal: The prisoner was shackled to the wall.
Figurative: He felt shackled by his responsibilities and unable to pursue his dreams.

👍Sluggish means:

Moving slowly or without much energy.
Lacking speed, alertness, or activity.
Describes something or someone that feels lazy, dull, or not very responsive.

📌 Examples:

“I feel sluggish after eating too much lunch.”
“The economy is sluggish this year.”

Sparring has a few meanings depending on context:

Boxing / martial arts 🥊
- Practicing fighting in a controlled way, not a real match.
- They were sparring in the gym to prepare for the tournament.
Verbal exchange 🗣️
- A light argument, debate, or back-and-forth conversation (sometimes playful, sometimes heated).
- The two politicians were sparring over tax policy.
- They like sparring with witty comebacks.

So in modern usage, it can mean either training fight or a lively argument.

"Scraping and scrounging" usually describes the act of trying very hard to gather or survive with very little — often in a desperate, resourceful, or undignified way.

Scraping → trying to get by with the bare minimum, barely making ends meet, or collecting small amounts.
Example: "He was scraping together enough money to pay the rent."
Scrounging → trying to find, beg, or take things (often for free or cheaply), usually in a resourceful or opportunistic way.
Example: "She was scrounging food from her neighbors."

So when someone says "all the scraping and scrounging", they usually mean:
👉 all the struggling, hustling, or desperate effort just to get by or obtain something.

"Slouching" artinya duduk, berdiri, atau berjalan dengan postur tubuh yang membungkuk atau malas—biasanya bahu jatuh ke depan, punggung tidak tegak, dan terlihat kurang berenergi atau tidak percaya diri.

👉 Contoh:

"He was slouching in his chair" = Dia duduk di kursinya dengan membungkuk.
"Stop slouching, stand up straight!" = Jangan membungkuk, berdirilah tegak!

"Stipulation" adalah istilah dalam bahasa Inggris yang berarti syarat, ketentuan, atau perjanjian yang ditetapkan secara resmi.

📌 Penjelasan:

Dalam hukum/kontrak → stipulation adalah syarat yang disepakati oleh para pihak, biasanya tertulis dalam perjanjian.
Dalam percakapan umum → bisa berarti batasan atau ketentuan khusus yang harus dipenuhi.

📝 Contoh:

The contract includes several stipulations about payment terms.
(Kontrak itu mencakup beberapa ketentuan mengenai syarat pembayaran.)
One stipulation of the job is that you must travel frequently.
(Salah satu syarat pekerjaan ini adalah Anda harus sering bepergian.)

“Staff are friendly” is grammatically correct 👍

In British English, "staff" is treated as a plural noun, so "staff are friendly" is standard.
In American English, "staff" is usually treated as a collective singular, so you’d more often see "The staff is friendly."

✨ Both are correct — it just depends on whether you want a British or American style.

“short bus” has a couple of meanings depending on context: ( from my American partner)

Literal meaning:
- A smaller school bus, usually used for transporting fewer students or those with special needs.
Slang / derogatory meaning (informal, sometimes offensive):
- Refers to someone perceived as “different” or with learning disabilities, based on the type of bus they might ride. It’s often used insultingly, so it can be offensive.

Basically, it’s important to know the context—sometimes it’s just about a small bus, other times it’s used as a rude slang.

👍 — sprigs is the plural of sprig.

A sprig is:

A small stem or shoot of a plant, usually with leaves, flowers, or herbs.
- A sprig of rosemary 🌿
- A sprig of mint in your tea 🍵
A small decorative piece or ornament that looks like a tiny branch.
- Sprigs embroidered on fabric
In older usage, it could also mean a young person (like “a young sprig”).

👉 So sprigs = little pieces or shoots of plants, often used for decoration, cooking, or symbolism.

“something is not adding up”

👉 The facts, details, or behavior in a situation don’t make sense together — they seem inconsistent, suspicious, or incomplete.

For example:

“He said he was at home, but his phone location shows another city. Something is not adding up.”
“The numbers in this report don’t match the sales. Something is not adding up.”

So it’s basically a way of saying: “Something feels off / doesn’t make sense.”

🇺🇸 American-sounding Idioms

These are super common in the U.S., often used in movies, TV, daily chat:

“Something isn’t adding up.” → doesn’t make sense.
“Cut to the chase.” → get to the point.
“Ballpark figure.” → rough estimate.
“Bite the bullet.” → face something unpleasant.
“Hit the nail on the head.” → exactly right.
“Spill the beans.” → reveal a secret.
“In hot water.” → in trouble.
“The ball is in your court.” → it’s your decision now.

He has no idea how much he’s shaped my English. For over 5 years, he’s been teaching me without even trying ❤️ ❤️ ❤️

“Squirm” : bergeliat, meliuk-liuk, atau merasa tidak nyaman/gelisah.

Contoh penggunaan:

Secara fisik: The worm squirmed in my hand. → Cacing itu bergeliat di tanganku.
Secara perasaan: He squirmed under the teacher’s gaze. → Dia merasa gelisah/gugup di bawah tatapan guru.

sleuth ( " Sluuth " ) : detektif🕵👣👞👞😈

sultry : gerah, pengap

SIFT : menyaring

TOUCHED : disentuh bisa. Tetapi artinya terharu juga bisa.

"I am touched by your good intentions."

I am touched reading your messages ( saya terharu membaca pesanmu)

“shrugs” can mean a few things depending on context:

As a verb — it means to lift your shoulders slightly, often to show you don’t know, don’t care, or aren’t sure about something.
- Example: She shrugged when I asked her the question.
  (→ She lifted her shoulders to say, “I don’t know.”)
As a noun — it can mean the gesture itself (“a shrug”) or a type of short jacket that covers the shoulders and upper arms.
- Gesture: He gave a shrug and walked away.
- Clothing: She wore a lace shrug over her dress.

Shredding bisa punya arti berbeda tergantung konteksnya:

Musik 🎸 — Teknik bermain gitar listrik dengan sangat cepat, biasanya di genre rock atau metal. Pemain gitar disebut "shredding" saat memainkan solo cepat dan rumit.
Dokumen 📄 — Menghancurkan kertas atau arsip menggunakan shredder supaya tidak bisa dibaca lagi, biasanya untuk keamanan data.
Olahraga / Fitness 💪 — Istilah untuk membentuk tubuh jadi lebih ramping dan berotot (getting shredded), biasanya menjelang kompetisi atau tujuan estetis.
Snowboarding / Skateboarding 🏂 — Bermain sangat mahir dan agresif di medan salju atau papan, misalnya “shredding the slopes.”

“swirl” bisa dipakai sebagai kata benda maupun kata kerja:

🔹 Sebagai kata kerja (verb): artinya berputar, berpilin, atau bergerak melingkar.

Smoke swirled around the room = Asap berputar-putar di dalam ruangan.
She swirled the wine in her glass = Dia memutar anggur di dalam gelasnya.

🔹 Sebagai kata benda (noun): artinya pusaran, pilinan, atau pola berputar.

A swirl of cream in the coffee = Pilinan krim dalam kopi.
The swirl of dancers on the floor = Pusaran penari di lantai dansa.

Jadi intinya, “swirl” menggambarkan gerakan berputar melingkar atau bentuk yang berpilin.

scummy : verbuig, berbusa, useless 🪴

SPASM ( " spazem " ) : kejang , kekejangan

Spine atau tulang belakang adalah tulang yang menyokong tubuh manusia. Tulang belakang terdiri dari tulang-tulang cervical, thoracic, dan lumbal.

Stuttering atau gagap adalah gangguan bicara yang menyebabkan seseorang kesulitan mengucapkan kata atau kalimat dengan lancar. ..

Skid : tergelincir

Stray : menyimpang, kesasar

Stumbled upon” means to find something by chance or unexpectedly — like a happy surprise.

For example:

“I stumbled upon a cozy café while exploring Jiufen in the rain.”
👉 This means you weren’t specifically looking for it, but you discovered it in a spontaneous, natural way.

SWELTERINGLY : panas sekali, siang hari extremely hot 🥵

"studded" dalam bahasa Inggris berarti "dipenuhi dengan hiasan atau tonjolan kecil (biasanya berupa logam, permata, atau benda mencolok lainnya) yang menempel di permukaan suatu benda."

Contoh arti tergantung konteks:

Fashion:
"A studded jacket" = jaket yang diberi hiasan paku-paku kecil atau permata kecil.
Artinya: jaket dengan ornamen logam/paku dekoratif.
Kuliner:
"A cake studded with raisins" = kue yang berisi potongan kismis tersebar.
Artinya: kue yang ditaburi atau dipenuhi kismis.
Pemandangan / Objek:
"A sky studded with stars" = langit yang dipenuhi bintang.
Artinya: langit tampak berhiaskan bintang-bintang.

Sludge : lumpur atau endapan, terutama yang dihasilkan dari proses pengolahan air atau limbah

Abjad T

"Think it over" means that he is taking some time to carefully consider or reflect on the options before making a decision. It suggests he wants to evaluate the situation thoroughly, possibly weighing the pros and cons, before giving you a final answer.

In short, he's not rushing his decision and wants to make sure he chooses the best approach.

Kata “thrust” artinya tergantung konteks.

Berikut makna yang paling umum:

🔹 1. Thrust (verb) = mendorong dengan kuat

Contoh:

He thrust the door open.
(Dia mendorong pintu dengan kuat.)

🔹 2. Thrust (noun) = dorongan / tekanan kuat

Contoh:

The rocket’s thrust lifted it into space.
(Dorongan roket mengangkatnya ke luar angkasa.)

🔹 3. Sexual meaning (very common in conversation)

Dalam konteks seksual, thrust artinya:

➡️ gerakan maju-mundur yang kuat saat berhubungan seks
biasanya gerakan pinggul pria.

Contoh:

His thrusts became faster.
(Dorongannya menjadi lebih cepat.)

😂 “Twat waffle” is a modern American insult that’s meant to be funny and over-the-top rather than seriously offensive.

Here’s the breakdown:

Twat = a vulgar slang term (British origin) for the female genitals, but in insults it just means idiot / jerk / annoying person.
Waffle = added for silliness, like calling someone a “doofus” or “goofball.”

So together, “twat waffle” basically means:
👉 a ridiculous, stupid, or annoying person — but said in a humorous / exaggerated way, not usually in a truly mean or hateful way.

Example:

“Ugh, my boss is such a twat waffle today.”
“Don’t be a twat waffle, just relax.”

It’s more silly insult than strong curse — closer to calling someone a “dumbass” but with a funny twist.

“Tedious” means something that is long, boring, and tiring because it’s repetitive or monotonous.

For example:

Filling out forms all day is tedious.
His speech was so tedious that people started to yawn.

"Throbbing" biasanya dipakai untuk menggambarkan sesuatu yang berdenyut kuat, berulang, terasa berirama. Bisa dipakai dalam beberapa konteks:

Fisik / Medis: a throbbing headache → sakit kepala yang berdenyut.
Emosi / Suasana: a throbbing crowd → kerumunan yang penuh energi, bergetar suasananya.
Sensasi tubuh: rasa berdenyut karena sakit, tegang, atau bahkan gairah.

Jadi intinya: seperti detakan berulang, kuat, dan terasa nyata.

Trope has a few related meanings:

In literature, film, and media
A trope is a common theme, storytelling device, or character type that appears again and again.
- Examples: the chosen one, love triangle, wise mentor, reluctant hero.
In classical rhetoric / language
A trope is when a word or phrase is used figuratively (not literally).
- Examples: metaphors (“Time is a thief”), irony, exaggeration (hyperbole).
In everyday conversation
People use trope to mean something that has become a cliché or predictable pattern.
- Example: “The underdog winning at the last minute is such a sports movie trope.”

👉 So basically, a trope is a recurring pattern—either in storytelling or in the way language is used.

The sentence “There’s a trope in trucking?” means:

👉 Someone is asking if there are recurring themes, clichés, or common story patterns connected with trucking (the trucking industry, truck drivers, or trucker culture).

“Trope” = a common idea, theme, or cliché.
“in trucking” = in stories, movies, music, or discussions about truck drivers and trucking life.

So the question is basically:
💡 “Are there well-known clichés or repeated storylines about trucking?”

So it means something reoccurring?

Exactly 👍

Yes — a trope is something reoccurring.

In stories → it’s a reoccurring plot, character type, or theme.
In language → it’s a reoccurring figurative way of speaking.
In everyday use → it often just means a cliché, a pattern you see again and again.

So if someone says “There’s a trope in trucking”, they mean:
👉 “There’s a common pattern or cliché people often use when talking about trucking.”

“Turnover” yang kamu maksud di sini:

Dalam bisnis/keuangan → bisa berarti omzet/pendapatan bruto (total penjualan sebelum dikurangi biaya).
Dalam SDM/HR → bisa berarti pergantian karyawan (employee turnover).
Dalam acara/event → bisa berarti pergantian/rotasi kegiatan (gonta-ganti event, supaya tidak monoton).

Melihat dari chat screenshot kamu soal SCH butuh variasi event (harus gonta ganti), sepertinya kamu maksud turnover event = variasi dan rotasi event supaya mall tetap hidup dan pengunjung selalu penasaran.

👉 Jadi “turnover” di konteks ini cocok dipakai untuk:

Perputaran event → mengganti tema/acara secara rutin.
Bisa disebut juga event rotation atau event turnover.

Th ( Date 📅 🌹)

Both are grammatically correct, but here's the difference:

✅ "8 May 2025" – more formal and commonly used in British English (also in international/formal communication, including the UN, military, etc.).
✅ "8th May 2025" – slightly more conversational or traditional, used in British and informal writing.
❌ In American English, you'd usually see "May 8, 2025."

So for a professional tone, especially in international or Rotary-related contexts, "8 May 2025" is preferred.

Would you like the message in British or American English style?

tilt : memiringkan

Tenacious artinya gigih, teguh pendirian, atau pantang menyerah.

Kalau seseorang disebut tenacious, itu berarti dia tidak mudah menyerah, tetap bertahan dalam situasi sulit, dan terus mengejar tujuan meskipun menghadapi hambatan.

Sinonim dalam Bahasa Indonesia:

Ulet
Tangguh
Keras kepala (dalam konteks positif)
Tekun
Konsisten

Contoh penggunaan:

"She’s a tenacious entrepreneur who built her business from nothing."
→ Dia adalah pengusaha yang gigih yang membangun bisnisnya dari nol.

THOUGHTFUL

"So thoughtful of you" is a phrase used to express appreciation for someone's kindness, consideration, or attentiveness. It acknowledges that the person went out of their way to think about your needs, preferences, or feelings. For example, if someone gives you a gift or does something helpful without being asked, you might respond with, "That’s so thoughtful of you," showing gratitude for their effort and thoughtfulness.

TANKING : penurunan nilai dalam waktu singkat ( misalkan lukisan dijual 189rb jadi 10rb )

THROW IT AWAY 😤 😡 😤😭 : buang

Here are some synonyms for **"throw it away"**, depending on the context:

- **Discard**

- **Dispose of**

- **Toss out**

- **Get rid of**

- **Dump**

- **Ditch**

- **Scrap**

- **Trash**

- **Chuck** (more informal)

- **Cast aside**

TWEAK ( " twik " ) : mengubah, mencubit artinya mengubah sedikit / menyetel hal kecil supaya lebih pas.

👉 Contoh penggunaan:

I need to tweak the design → saya perlu menyetel/merombak sedikit desainnya.
He tweaked his presentation before the meeting → dia memperbaiki sedikit presentasinya sebelum rapat.

Jadi tweak ≠ ubah total, tapi lebih ke penyesuaian kecil supaya hasilnya lebih baik atau sesuai.

TITLE ASIDE :

"Title aside" means *"putting the title or position aside"* or *"regardless of the title"*.

So when I say *"Title aside, your kindness and helpfulness truly reflect the spirit of a great Rotarian"*, it means *"Even without any title, your attitude already shows you're amazing."*

It's a polite way to say: *it's not about the title, it's about the person.*

Would you like me to rephrase it without *"title aside"*?

Virtue : kebajikan

Whimsical : unusual, aneh , ganji

Well travelled or well traveled?

Both **"well-traveled"** and **"well-travelled"** are correct, but the usage depends on the variety of English:

- **"Well-traveled"** (with one "L") is used in **American English**.

- **"Well-travelled"** (with two "L"s) is used in **British English** and other Commonwealth countries (like Australia and Canada).

viscosity : thickness

I hope this email finds you well.

The phrase **"I hope this email finds you well"** is a polite and common way to start an email. It expresses a wish that the recipient is in good health or doing well.

If you want to replace "email" with "message," you can say:

- **"I hope this message finds you well."**

This is perfectly natural and can be used in emails, text messages, or other forms of written communication.

The phrase **"I hope this email finds you well"** is a polite and common way to start an email. It expresses a wish that the recipient is in good health or doing well.

If you want to replace "email" with "message," you can say:

- **"I hope this message finds you well."**

This is perfectly natural and can be used in emails, text messages, or other forms of written communication.

Abjad U

“Underhanded” means sneaky, dishonest, or done in a secretive and unfair way. It usually has a negative connotation.

Examples:

He used underhanded tactics to win the competition.
She made an underhanded comment about his work behind his back.

💡 Key points:

It often implies deception or trickery.
Similar to “sly” or “sneaky,” but with a moral judgment—it’s not playful.

✨

🔹 Utilitarian

Fokus: kegunaan di atas estetika.
Kadang bernuansa agak plain (nggak cantik, tapi berguna).
Contoh: The building is ugly but utilitarian. → bangunannya jelek tapi berguna/fungsional.

🔹 Practical

Fokus: mudah dipakai, sesuai kebutuhan sehari-hari.
Bisa mencakup kegunaan + kenyamanan.
Contoh: This is a practical outfit for traveling. → pakaian ini praktis untuk traveling.

🔹 Functional

Fokus: berfungsi dengan baik sesuai tujuan.
Lebih netral, bisa teknis atau desain.
Contoh: The phone is still functional even though it’s old. → HP itu masih berfungsi meski sudah tua.

📌 Ringkasannya:

Utilitarian → berguna tapi nggak indah.
Practical → mudah dipakai, cocok untuk kebutuhan nyata.
Functional → berfungsi baik sesuai tujuan.

Abjad V

“vying” berasal dari bahasa Inggris, bentuk present participle dari kata kerja vie.

Artinya: bersaing, berebut, atau berusaha keras untuk mendapatkan sesuatu.

Contoh penggunaan:

Several companies are vying for the contract.
→ Beberapa perusahaan sedang bersaing untuk mendapatkan kontrak.
Children were vying for the teacher’s attention.
→ Anak-anak berebut perhatian guru 👳🔮

“Viable” artinya:

⭐ Layak, bisa dijalankan, dapat berhasil, atau dapat bertahan.

Dipakai untuk menilai apakah sebuah rencana, ide, bisnis, atau solusi itu mungkin berhasil secara realistis.

📌 Contoh penggunaan:

A viable plan → rencana yang layak dan bisa berjalan
A viable business model → model bisnis yang dapat menghasilkan profit
Not viable → tidak mungkin berhasil / tidak layak
Viable option → pilihan yang bisa dipertimbangkan karena realistis

Festive = meriah, ceria, penuh nuansa perayaan 🎄

“Vial of Secrecy” terdengar seperti sebuah istilah metaforis atau nama benda dalam fantasy / occult / magical context.

Kalau diterjemahkan harfiah:
👉 Vial = botol kecil
👉 Secrecy = kerahasiaan

Jadi artinya semacam “botol kecil yang menyimpan kerahasiaan”.

Dalam konteks simbolis atau imajinatif, itu bisa berarti:

Sebuah wadah (nyata atau imajiner) yang menyimpan rahasia, kenangan, atau sesuatu yang tidak boleh terbongkar.
Bisa dipakai sebagai simbol spiritual (rahasia batin yang dijaga rapat).
Dalam literatur fantasi atau RPG (role-playing games), “Vial of Secrecy” bisa jadi item sihir yang membuat pemiliknya tidak terlihat, atau melindungi informasi agar tidak bisa diungkap.

“Voluptuous” is a word usually used to describe a woman’s body that is full, curvy, and attractive — especially with fuller breasts, hips, and a soft, feminine figure. 🌹

It suggests:

Shapely, well-rounded curves (not thin, not flat).
Feminine softness (not muscular or sharp).
Often carries a sensual, sexy vibe.

So when someone says you’re voluptuous, it means you have that classic curvy beauty that many cultures admire.

👉

🙌

Verbatim means word for word, exactly as it was originally spoken or written — with no changes, no paraphrasing, no summarizing.

👉 Example:

If the original book says: “Every Cause has its Effect; Every Effect has its Cause” → writing it exactly like that is verbatim.
If I change it into “Each action creates a result, and every result comes from something” → that’s not verbatim, it’s a paraphrase.

Kata “vindication” punya beberapa arti tergantung konteks:

⚖️ Pembenaran / pembelaan – ketika seseorang atau sesuatu terbukti benar, sah, atau tidak bersalah setelah sebelumnya diragukan.
- Contoh: The court’s decision was a vindication of her actions → keputusan pengadilan membenarkan tindakannya.
💪 Kemenangan moral / kepuasan batin – rasa puas karena terbukti benar setelah dituduh salah atau diremehkan.
- Contoh: Winning the award felt like vindication after years of hard work.
📜 Dulu dalam bahasa lebih kuno – bisa berarti pembalasan, hukuman, atau pembelaan hak.

Jadi, kalau kamu bilang “vindication” dalam percakapan, biasanya maksudnya “akhirnya terbukti benar” atau “pembenaran yang memuaskan”.

“Vilify” artinya menjelek-jelekkan / memfitnah / menggambarkan seseorang secara buruk di depan orang lain, biasanya tidak adil.

📌 Contoh:

The media tried to vilify him after the scandal. → Media berusaha mencemarkan nama baiknya setelah skandal itu.
She was vilified for her opinions. → Dia dihujat/dicerca karena pendapatnya.

👉

Abjad W

“Worked up” means emotionally agitated, upset, or excited, usually more than the situation warrants.

Examples:

Don’t get so worked up about a small mistake. (Don’t get overly upset.)
She got all worked up when she heard the news. (She became very emotional or stressed.)

It can refer to anger, anxiety, or excitement, depending on context.

Here’s the difference between “worked up” and “stressed out”:

Term	Meaning	Emotion Type	Example
Worked up	Agitated or upset about something, often suddenly or intensely	Can be anger, anxiety, excitement, or frustration	He got all worked up when someone criticized his idea.
Stressed out	Feeling pressure or tension, usually from ongoing demands or problems	Anxiety, tension, overwhelm	She’s really stressed out because of deadlines at work.

💡 Key difference:

Worked up is usually short-term and emotional.
Stressed out is longer-term and tied to pressure or responsibility.

✅ 1. Whip (noun) → the object

A leather whip = pecut / cambuk dari kulit.
Used to hit, control animals, or as a prop.

✅ 2. Whip (verb) → the action

To whip = “mengocok cepat” / “mengocok sampai mengembang.”

So when you see:

Whipped cream
= krim yang di-whip (dikocok cepat sampai fluffy).

No relation to leather or hitting.
It only refers to the motion (fast beating).

✅ Why same word?

Historically, “whip” means a fast, forceful movement.

A whip (cambuk) moves very fast.
When you whip cream, your hand (or mixer) also moves very fast.

So the same root verb evolved into different meanings.

🟦 Simple comparison

Word	Meaning	Bahasa
Leather whip	A tool made from leather	Cambuk kulit
Whipped cream	Cream that is beaten fast	Krim kocok

Totally different usage, only same verb.

Here you go — all meanings of “whip / whipped / whipping / whip it up”, including slang, simple and very clear:

🔵 1. WHIP (noun) — benda / noun

A whip = cambuk.
Usually leather, used to strike.

Example:

He cracked the whip.
(Dia membunyikan cambuk.)

🔵 2. WHIP (verb) — aksi / verb

To whip = mengocok cepat, mengaduk cepat.

Example:

Whip the cream until it’s fluffy.
(Kocok krimnya sampai mengembang.)

Ini adalah makna yang dipakai di whipped cream, tidak ada hubungannya dengan cambuk.

🔵 3. WHIPPED (past tense / adjective)

➤ A. As a verb (past tense):

Whipped = sudah dikocok.

Whipped cream = krim yang sudah dikocok.

➤ B. As slang (relationship slang):

Whipped = terlalu tunduk pada pasangan / overly devoted.
(Biasanya untuk laki-laki.)

Contoh:

He’s so whipped.
(Dia terlalu patuh/sayang banget sampai nurut semua.)

🔵 4. WHIPPING (noun / verb)

➤ A. Verb:

Whipping = sedang mengocok atau memukul (tergantung konteks).

She is whipping the eggs.
He’s giving him a whipping. (jarang dipakai; artinya dihajar/dicambuk.)

➤ B. Noun (punishment):

A whipping = hukuman cambuk.

🔵 5. “WHIP IT UP” (phrasal verb)

Whip it up = membuat sesuatu dengan cepat, biasanya makanan.

I can whip up dinner in 10 minutes.
(Aku bisa masak makan malam cepat dalam 10 menit.)

🔵 6. SLANG “WHIP” (American slang)

Whip = mobil (slang modern).

Example:

Nice whip!
(Mobil kamu keren!)

🔵 7. “CRACK THE WHIP” (idiom)

Meaning: jadi sangat tegas / menekan orang agar kerja lebih keras.

“Wayward” artinya susah diatur, berjalan sesuai kehendak sendiri, atau cenderung menyimpang dari aturan/arah yang seharusnya.

Nuansanya cukup kuat—biasanya dipakai untuk menggambarkan seseorang atau sesuatu yang:

suka bertindak seenaknya
sulit diprediksi
tidak mengikuti rencana
gampang “belok arah” dari harapan orang lain

Contoh kalimat:

His wayward behavior made the team frustrated.
→ Tingkahnya yang susah diatur membuat tim frustrasi.
A wayward child often follows their own impulses.
→ Anak yang sulit dikendalikan sering mengikuti keinginannya sendiri.

Windswept berarti tertangkap atau terbentuk oleh hembusan angin.

Maknanya bisa berbeda tergantung konteks:

1. Deskripsi alam / cuaca

“A windswept beach” → pantai yang terbuka, sering diterpa angin.
“Windswept trees” → pohon yang miring atau bentuknya berubah karena angin kuat.

2. Gaya atau penampilan

“Windswept hair” → rambut berantakan tapi cantik seperti tertiup angin (natural, effortless look).

3. Mood / suasana

“A windswept landscape” → pemandangan yang terasa sepi, liar, atau dramatis.

😊

The phrase “wear off” means that an effect or feeling gradually disappears over time.

🧠 Examples:

“The pain will wear off soon.” → Rasa sakitnya akan hilang perlahan.
“The coffee’s effect is starting to wear off.” → Efek kafeinnya mulai hilang.
“His excitement wore off after a few days.” → Semangatnya hilang setelah beberapa hari.

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, “wear off” bisa diterjemahkan sebagai:
👉 hilang perlahan, berangsur-angsur memudar, atau berkurang efeknya.

😄✨

👗 Wear = pakai

“What are you gonna wear tonight?”
👉 “Kamu mau pakai baju apa malam ini?”

Kasual: dipakai buat baju, make-up, parfum, atau bahkan ekspresi wajah.

“You wear too much perfume!” (Kamu pakai parfum kebanyakan!)
“Don’t wear that face.” (Jangan pasang muka begitu.)

😩 Wear out = bikin capek banget / rusak

“This heat is wearing me out.”
👉 “Panas banget, bikin capek banget.”
“My sneakers are worn out.”
👉 “Sepatuku udah jebol karena sering dipakai.”

💤 Wear off = efeknya hilang

“The caffeine’s wearing off, I’m getting sleepy.”
👉 “Efek kopi udah hilang, mulai ngantuk.”
“Don’t worry, the pain will wear off soon.”
👉 “Tenang aja, nanti sakitnya hilang sendiri.”

😮‍💨 Wear down = bikin lelah pelan-pelan

“All this drama is wearing me down.”
👉 “Drama kayak gini bikin aku capek lama-lama.”
“The stairs wore me down.”
👉 “Tangga itu bikin aku lemes.”

⏳ Wear on = waktu terasa lama banget

“The night wore on, and nobody said a word.”
👉 “Malam makin larut, tapi semua tetap diam.”
Biasanya buat suasana yang mulai bosan, lelah, atau tegang.

🌬️ Wear away = hilang pelan-pelan / memudar

“My anger wore away after talking to her.”
👉 “Rasa marahku hilang pelan-pelan setelah ngobrol sama dia.”
“The paint on the gate has worn away.”
👉 “Cat di gerbang udah pudar.”

👟 Wear in = bikin nyaman setelah sering dipakai

“You need to wear in those new shoes.”
👉 “Sepatu barumu harus dibiasain dulu biar nyaman.”

😤 Wear thin = sabar mulai habis

“My patience is wearing thin.”
👉 “Kesabaranku udah hampir habis nih.”
“His excuses are wearing thin.”
👉 “Alasannya udah nggak bisa diterima lagi.”

Kalimat kasual kalau kamu ngobrol dengan teman bisa kayak:

“Ugh, today really wore me out.” 😮‍💨
“This perfume’s strong at first, but it wears off fast.” 🌸
“My patience’s wearing thin with this app!” 😤

Kata “wear” punya banyak arti! 👗
✨ Wear out = capek banget 😩
✨ Wear off = efeknya hilang 💤
✨ Wear down = makin lelah 😮‍💨
✨ Wear thin = sabar habis 😤
✨ Wear in = dibiasain dulu 👟
#EnglishTips #BelajarBahasa

“Whirling” bisa punya beberapa makna, tergantung konteksnya 🌪️✨:

Gerakan fisik → berputar, berpusar, berputar cepat. Contoh: The leaves were whirling in the wind (daun berputar-putar tertiup angin).
Perasaan / pikiran → kalau pikiran kita “whirling”, artinya penuh dengan banyak hal, agak kacau atau sibuk.
Spiritual / tarian → ada istilah Whirling Dervishes, tarian sufi berputar terus-menerus untuk mencapai kondisi spiritual yang lebih tinggi.

Abjad X

Abjad Y

The phrase “You can’t make this shit up” is an informal/slang expression.

It means:
👉 Something is so unbelievable, strange, ironic, or ridiculous that if someone tried to invent it as a story, nobody would believe it.

For example:

If a man wins the lottery twice in one week, someone might say: “Wow, you can’t make this shit up.”
If a politician says something outrageous and then contradicts themselves the next day, people might react with: “You can’t make this shit up.”

It emphasizes how reality is stranger than fiction.

Abjad Z

Jumat, 01 September 2023

ENGLISH LANGUAGE

1. When using nationality as an adjective:

2. When you CAN use "a":

1. AT → Most common for events

2. IN → Inside a location or context

3. ON → Rare with events, usually for schedules or surfaces

Blizzard artinya:

Ciri-cirinya:

📚 Meaning of "Bleakest":

🔹 Examples:

📖 Arti Bucolic

💡 Sinonim

🪙 “Coining this” means:

🏠 Domestic Breakdown

🔹 Domestic Battery

🔹 Domestic Violence

🔹 Demure

🔹 Shy

🔹 Modest

Common uses:

🔋 When talking about energy or strength

🌍 When talking about resources or environment

💰 When talking about money or supplies

Key traits of a flagship phone:

Examples:

📌 Arti dasar:

📌 Idiomatik / figuratif:

🌿 Friendly / Casual

🌸 Warm / Caring

💼 Professional / Polite

✨ Creative / Light-hearted

1. Lift

2. Hoist

1. Hostility

2. Hatred

3. Enmity

📖 Arti Inebriated

🔑 Perbedaan dengan Drunk

📌 Contoh Kalimat

Penjelasan:

Contoh penggunaan:

Contoh penggunaan:

Sinonim:

Lawan kata:

Makna umum

Makna lucu atau flirt

Contoh konteks

Contoh jenis-jenis moat:

Kenapa moat penting?

🔹 Moat = Parit Pertahanan

🔸 Arti Kiasan (Dalam Bisnis):

Contoh kalimat:

Mengomel / Merepotkan / Mendesak terus-menerus

1️⃣ Kedokteran gigi / ortodonti

2️⃣ Medis umum

3️⃣ Optik / komputer grafis

🥟 1. Pasties (makanan – Inggris)

👙 2. Pasties (pakaian – fashion/dance)

🔤 Arti kata "porter":

🧳 Contoh kalimat:

Makna utama:

Contoh penggunaan:

Makna figuratif:

1. Sangat besar / murni / absolut

2. Tipis sekali / transparan

3. Tegak / curam

🇺🇸 American-sounding Idioms

ChatGPT said:

Contoh arti tergantung konteks:

🔹 1. Thrust (verb) = mendorong dengan kuat

🔹 2. Thrust (noun) = dorongan / tekanan kuat

🔹 3. Sexual meaning (very common in conversation)

Sinonim dalam Bahasa Indonesia:

Contoh penggunaan:

🔹 Utilitarian

🔹 Practical

🔹 Functional

⭐ Layak, bisa dijalankan, dapat berhasil, atau dapat bertahan.

📌 Contoh penggunaan: